从文体学角度分析乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲稿

从文体学角度分析乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲稿
摘  要
公众演讲的语言既是事先构思的文本语言，也是需要通过口头演讲得以传送的口语形式。作者认为一篇成功的演讲离不开精确的语言和修辞。论文主要从语言描述和修辞应用这两个方面系统分析研究了史蒂夫•乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲稿的文体特征。通过统计学量化分析，论文发现乔布斯演讲稿在笔体上逗句号结合、长短段落交替，在词法上少用难词、抽象词，在句法上多用中长句、陈述句，使语言通俗易懂、真实可感；另外，明喻,暗喻，重复，排比等多种修辞方法的运用使语言生动活泼，拉近了演讲者与观众之间的距离，让他们感同身受，成功的达到了励志的效果。通过分析，论文认为，史蒂夫•乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲之所以取得巨大的轰动，正是因为乔布斯对讲稿语言和修辞的娴熟驾驭。

关键词：史蒂夫•乔布斯，公众演讲，文体，修辞
A Study of Jobs’ Speech at Stanford
from Stylistics Perspective
 
ABSTRACT
The language of a public speech is a well-designed text that is transmitted through oral presentations. The author of the present paper believes that a successful speech is inseparable from the use of the precise language and rhetorical devices. The paper studies and analyzes the stylistics characteristics of Steve •Jobs’ speech at Stanford University from the perspectives of language description and figure of speech. By statistical analysis, the paper found that the speech combined most commas and stops and alternates length and short passages at graphological level, used less difficult words, abstract words at the lexical level. While at the syntactic level, the speech used an overwhelming number of medium-sized sentences and declarative sentences. All of these make the language easy to understand, real and sensible. In addition, simile, metaphor, repetition, parallelism and other rhetorical device are used to make the language lively and narrow the distance between the speaker and the audience, which helps to achieve the inspirational effect. Through the analysis, the paper holds that, the sole reason for Jobs’ speech at Stanford University to make tremendous success is the author and speaker’s skillful use the language and rhetorical devices.

Key words: Steve •Jobs, public speech, stylistics, figure of speech

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