英汉人体隐喻对比分析

摘  要
随着认知语言学的发展，隐喻现象引起了越来越多人的关注。隐喻是人类语言中最为常见的语言形式，不仅是一种修辞手法，更是人们认识事物的一种重要方式。通常，我们把隐喻分成方位隐喻、结构隐喻和本体隐喻，其中和人体关系最密切的人体隐喻被看成是本体隐喻的一种。在人类的隐喻认知现象中，最基本、最常见的隐喻就是身体隐喻。本文在前人研究的基础上,重点介绍了人体隐喻，包括其定义、运作机制和认知功能三个方面，并对英汉人体隐喻进行对比分析，寻找两者的异同并探究造成这些异同的原因。最后，根据两者的异同，文章提出了一些关于英汉人体隐喻互译的方法，从而使我们更全面地了解英汉两种文化，更好地满足对外文化交流的需要。

关键词：人体隐喻；英汉对比；翻译策略
 
 A Comparative Analysis of Body Metaphor
in English and Chinese
Abstract
With the development of cognitive linguistics, metaphor has attracted more and more attention from both Chinese and western scholars. Metaphor is the most common means of expression in human language, not only as a rhetoric device, but also as an important way for people to recognize things. Generally, metaphors are divided into orientational metaphor, structural metaphor and ontological metaphor. Body metaphor, as one subtype of ontological metaphors, is the most relative one to human body, and is the most common. Based on the studies of previous scholars, the paper first introduces body metaphor, including its definition, working mechanism and cognitive functions, and then makes a comparative study of body metaphor in English and Chinese, and probes into the causes of the underlying differences and similarities. Finally, based on the differences and similarities, specific translating methods are given for us to learn more about Chinese and English cultures and to improve their exchanges.

Key words: body metaphor; comparative study; translation strategy

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