婴幼儿服装卫生安全性能的研究

摘要
婴幼儿处在生长发育特殊时期，生理调节功能不健全，自助能力缺乏，对冷热抵抗力弱，对感受表达力差，因此，面料的合理选择对于婴幼儿的安全性显得尤为重要。面料舒适性是服装材料满足婴幼儿生理卫生要求必需的性能，无论冬夏，内层衣料宜选用吸湿性强、透气性好、对皮肤刺激小的天然纤维，其良好的生物相容性，有利于维持婴幼儿身体正常的热湿平衡和旺盛的新陈代谢，避免使用吸湿、透气性差的纯化纤材料。纯化纤织物妨碍汗液蒸发，使服装紧贴皮肤，产生凉感的同时，“小气候”呈高湿状态，婴幼儿易产生皮疹、汗疹。
与此同时，婴幼儿服装保暖体现在多层重叠的穿用方式，选材需由内及外依次展开，材料保暖体现在导热性、含气量及织物结构方面，中外层素材多选棉、毛、羊绒，起绒、双层、蓬松的织物，质地以紧密厚实为主。
由于婴幼儿不断处在动态中，服装要能伸、能弯、能缩，没有阻碍，弹性良好的材料及面料是首选。同时，由于婴幼儿在后期爬行等动作增多，很多母亲要及时为孩子更换衣服，耐水洗性能进而要达标。另外，要避免面料平方米克重过大，过重或过紧会给婴幼儿的身体增加压力，妨碍其呼吸及血液循环，针织品及弹力制品在此应用广泛。
婴幼儿处在特殊的生长发育期，皮肤娇嫩、对外界刺激反应敏感，对外界环境的抵抗力较弱，内衣宜选择细腻柔软的纯棉针织物、麻类织物、纯丝织物、细平布，它们的透气性好、吸湿性强、具有良好的生物相容性，对皮肤损伤小，有利于充分吸收和蒸发婴幼儿体表水分，维持身体正常的热湿平衡，以保证婴幼儿旺盛的新陈代谢，而且不会擦伤孩子的皮肤。另一方面，由于婴幼儿血管扩张和收缩的神经作用较弱，对冷、热的适应能力不能充分地表达出来，婴幼儿服装还应有良好的保暖功能，中外层面料可选用棉、毛、羊绒、起绒、蓬松的织物，质地以紧密厚实为主。夏季以质地轻薄柔软、内表爽滑、弹性好的机织物或针织物为宜，冬季的首选面料是厚棉织物。

关键词  婴幼儿服装，安全，健康，舒适

The analysis of the baby garments health and  safety performance

ABSTRACT
  Infant in growth special period, physical adjustment function is not complete, lack of self-help ability of cold and heat resistance is weak, expression power to feel bad, therefore, the reasonable selection of fabric for the safety of the infant is particularly important. Fabrics is comfortable clothing materials meet the requirements of the necessary physical health infant performance, regardless of winter and summer, inner lining material should be chosen hygroscopic strong, good air permeability, skin stimulation of small natural fiber, its good biocompatibility, be helpful for maintaining the normal hot wet infant body balance and energetic metabolism, avoid the use of moisture absorption, poor permeability of pure fiber materials. Pure chemical fiber fabric interfere with sweat evaporates, make clothing close to skin, produce cool feeling at the same time, "microclimate" is high humidity state, infant easy generation skin rash, sweat rash.
  At the same time, infants warm clothing embodied in multilayer overlapping wear way, select material from within and outside in turn to open, material to keep warm reflected in thermal conductivity, containing gas and fabric structure, outer material choose more of cotton, wool, cashmere, fleece, double, fleeciness fabrics, quality of a material in closely thick primarily.
The infants constantly in dynamic, clothing to stretch, bend, can shrink, no obstacle, flexibility is good material and fabrics is first selection. At the same time, as infants in the later crawling such action increased, many mothers to in time for the children change clothes, resistance to water and performance to the standards. In addition, to avoid fabric square meters grams is too large, overweight or too close to the body of the infant will increase pressure, to interfere with their breath and blood circulation, knitwear and elastic products in this wide application
  As infants in special growth period, the skin delicate, sensitive to external stimuli, the external environment of the resistance is weak, the underwear should select a soft delicate cotton knitted fabrics, hemp, silk fabric pure things, fine flat cloth, their air permeability and moisture absorption sex strong, have good biocompatibility, to skin damage small, to fully absorb and evaporation surface water infant, maintain the normal body of thermal and moisture balance, in order to ensure that the infant exuberant metabolism, and won't scratch the child's skin. On the other hand, as infants vessels to dilate and contraction of the nerve action is weaker, the cold and hot to the ability to adapt can't fully expressed infant costume is should have a good warm functions, outer fabrics can choose cotton, wool and cashmere, fleece, fleeciness fabrics, quality of a material in closely thick primarily. Summer frivolous quality of a material soft, to watch a smooth and resilient in woven or knitted fabric advisable, winter is the first choice of thick cotton fabric.

  
KEYWORDS ：  infants garments, safety, health, comfortable

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