运用操作方法分析如何避免外贸企业的汇率风险

本论文指出汇率体制改革下我国外贸企业所承受的主要汇率风险并通过分析汇率风险的特征和引起风险的原因来唤起企业的注意，尽其所能避免汇率带来的风险。在生产，交易和结算的过程中，外贸企业会接触到不同国家的外币，由于汇率每天都会变动，因此外贸企业不可避免地遇到汇率风险。外贸企业里面遇到最主要的三种汇率风险分别是：经营风险，交易风险和换算风险。这三种风险以以下三个因素有关：本币，外币和时间。本论文重点通过操作方法来解决外贸企业现在面临的汇率风险。否则，外贸企业将出现萎缩甚至倒闭尽管外贸这行业在中国发展很迅速。外汇风险防范是外汇资金管理中的重要内容之一，良好的外币资金管理不仅可以避免风险，还可以优化企业的资产结构和质量，企业必须学会适应汇率变动的经营环境，作好外汇风险防范的准备，以在激烈的竞争中求生存，谋发展。如何有效地防范外汇风险，保障企业实现预期的利润，将是外来外企财务管理中的一个重要的主题。

关键词： 汇率风险； 经营风险；交易风险；换算风险；操作方法
Analyzing How to Avoid the Risk of the Exchange Rate in Foreign Enterprises by Operating Methods

Abstract： The paper points out that the main kinds of exposures caused by exchange rate in foreign enterprises under the reformation of the system in exchange rate and analyzes the features of the exposures and the reasons to stir up people’s mind to try their best to avoid these exposure. During the process of manufacture, dealing and settlement, foreign enterprises would meet any kinds of foreign money. Therefore, the risk of exchange rate can not be avoided because the exchange rate alters everyday. It was found that the maid kinds of exposures happened in foreign enterprises are: Operating Exposure, Transaction Exposure and Accounting Exposure and the reasons are relevant with three aspects: Local money, foreign exchange and time. This paper emphasizes on the operating methods to settle the risks caused by exchange rate which the foreign enterprises suffers from. Otherwise the enterprises will shrink and bankrupt although the foreign trade develops fast in China. Well-preparing for the risks of exchange rate is one of the most important factors in the management of foreign exchange. The good management of the foreign exchange not only can avoid the risks, but also can optimize the structure and the quality of the enterprise. So foreign enterprises have to study how to adapt the operation environment with the alteration of exchange rate and prepare well to survive and develop in the furious competition. How to prepare well for the exposures caused by exchange rate and insure foreign enterprises to gain benefits as they expect in the future will be an important theme in the management of the financing in foreign enterprises.

Key Words： Exposure of exchange rate；Operation Exposure； Transaction Exposure； Accounting Exposure； Operating method

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