《纽约时报》关于莫言诺贝尔文学奖报道的批评性话语分析

随着社会的发展，科技的进步,大众有更多的途径接触到新闻报道，大众传媒的新闻报道正渗入到社会的方方面面。当前，西方的新闻报道在全球传播，影响了人们的生活。英语新闻在大众观点中占主导地位，一方面它及时传播各个国家关于政治经济文化等方面的新闻，使这个世界更加紧密开放，另一方面，在某一程度上潜移默化地影响人们的思维或思考方式。但是新闻报道不总公正客观，不只是简单得映射社会现在，而是在重构事实。因此有必要去表面的新闻中挖掘深层的信息。
本文选取《纽约时报》关于莫言诺贝尔文学奖的报道，采取批评话语分析的角度分析，意在研究其中隐藏的意识形态，揭示话语，权利和意识相态之间的关系。
本文以菲尔克劳夫的三维话语分析模式为主要的分析框架，结合韩礼德的系统功能语法作为分析工具。本文将从三个层面分析材料：第一个层面，文本实践，关于语言学特征是如何组织并表达意识形态；第二个层面，话语实践，关于新闻文本怎样产生并且呈现给读者；第三个层面，社会实践，关于社会或文化因素对于意识形态再现的影响，从而维持或重新建构权利。
当前的研究揭示了新闻报道中的意识形态倾向。大众传媒不仅仅为大众提供最新的新闻，他们的主要目的是把主流的意识形态灌输给受众，把他们的立场传输给大众。意识形态从社会中产生，反之，意识形态能够维持重新建构权利关系。大众应该提高对新闻报道的意识和批判性思考能力。
 
关键词：批评性话语分析；意识形态；系统功能语法
A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reports on Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize in The New York Times
Abstract: With the development of society and the advancement of technology, the public has increasing access to news coverage, news reports from the mass media are penetrating into almost every aspect of society. Currently, western news spreads worldwide, it has already affected individuals’ lives. English language news plays a dominant role in public opinion, on the one hand, it spreads current information about politics, economy, or culture from  one country to another, making the world closer and more open; on the other hand, to some extent, it has affected people’s minds or the way of thinking unconsciously. The news agencies always boast that they are objective and just, but the news reports don’t simply mirror reality，rather, they reconstructs reality. Thus, it’s of great significance to dig out more information from the surface news discourses.
This thesis conducts a study of media discourse from the perspective of critical discourse analysis by analyzing the reports from The New York Times—about Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize. It aims to study the hidden ideology, to reveal the relation between discourse, power and ideology.
This thesis adopts Fairclough’s three-dimension model as the major analytical framework and combines with Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar. This analysis consists of three levels. The first level—textual practice, how linguistic features are constructed to represent ideology. The second level—discourse practice, how the news is produced and represented to the readers. The third level—social practice, how social or cultural elements influence the representation of ideology to sustain or reconstruct power.
The present study demonstrates the ideological inclinations underneath the reports. The media is not solely providing the public with updated news, their purpose is to instill the mainstream ideology to the audience to exert their viewpoints on them. Ideology generates from the society and, in return, sustains and reconstructs the power relationship. This thesis aims to improve individual’s critical thinking, and to raise awareness about the news reports.

Keywords: critical discourse analysis; ideology; systemic functional grammar

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