中美流行情景喜剧中禁忌语的跨文化对比研究
随着全球化的发展，国际交流日益频繁，它促进了沟通和发展，但同时也带来了一些问题。这就要求我们对不同文化的异同进行分析和研究，并发现、解决问题，以实现不同文化之间的顺利交流。禁忌语，作为语言和文化的重要组成部分，是一种普遍存在于人类社会的语言现象,每一个民族的语言都有自己的禁忌语，它存在于日常生活的各个方面，并且在交流中起到举足轻重的作用。然而，在不同的文化中，人们所禁忌的事物乃至对于同一事物的禁忌程度都有所不同。因此，如果缺乏对目标文化禁忌语的了解和掌握，就容易导致交际的失败，甚至会带来更加严重的后果。
本文以中美情景喜剧为研究对象，主要从禁忌语的三大方面即凶祸性语言，亵渎性语言以及宗教迷信语言方面的异同进行对比研究。具体包括了与身体部位相关，与排泄相关，与性相关，与动物相关以及与疾病相关等方面的禁忌语言。中美情景喜剧中的禁忌语在各方面均有共性，但也有所不同。因此在跨文化交际中我们要着重关注这些不同点，以免引起不必要的矛盾冲突。除此之外，本文还就如何避免禁忌语言提出一些有效的回避策略。
关键词： 禁忌语 情景喜剧 对比 回避策略
A Cross-cultural Study of Taboos in Popular Chinese and American Sitcoms
Abstract
With the advancement of globalization, international communication has been intensified. It contributes a lot to mutual development. However, a series of problems and even conflicts are caused. Therefore, people should pay more attention to different cultures. In this way can we avoid misunderstandings effectively. Taboo, which exists in almost every field of daily life, is a kind of very common cultural phenomenon. Every nation in the world possesses its own taboos that play an important role in communication. However, people are prohibited on different things as taboos in different cultures, and different even on the same thing at different level of taboo. Therefore, it may cause intercultural communicative failure and even more serious consequences if lack of linguistic taboos in the target culture.
In this research, three Chinese sitcoms (我爱我家,武林外传,爱情公寓) and three American sitcoms (Friends, Everybody Hates Chris, How I Met Your Mother) are chosen to make up the corpus of this study. In this paper, linguistic taboos are divided into three categories: taboos on vulgarities, taboos on ominous matters and taboos on desecration. Based on Chinese and American sitcoms, my thesis aims at summarizing and analyzing the Chinese and English linguistic taboos from several aspects respectively and the similarities and differences of Chinese and English linguistic taboos. Besides, this paper gives people some useful strategies on how to avoid linguistic taboos.
Key words: Linguistic taboos, Sitcoms, Comparison, Preventive strategies
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