中国政府应对公共危机事件的实证分析
摘 要
2003年的SARS危机涉及全球32个国家和地区，我国内地共24个省区先后发生SARS疫情,，波及266个县和市(区)，全国陷入恐慌、学校停课、工厂停工、旅游餐饮业更是损失惨重。2005年的哈尔滨水污染事件造成全城停水数日，社会出现不稳定因素，居民恐慌。2008年“5.12”大地震，重灾地区成为废墟，地震造成数万人死亡，近百万房屋被毁经济损失严重，有关部门估计重建至少需要六年时间。纵观2003到2008年的三次公共危机可见这不仅是一场威胁到人民生命财产安全的灾难，更是对国家安全稳定的严峻考验。国家对公共危机的管理就是要通过预警、反应、救援和恢复等措施，有效地预防危机、在危机发生后能够有效地控制事态的进一步发展，以减轻损失，保护公民的人身权和财产权，维护国家安全。当今世界，公共危机管理己经成为各国政府公共管理的重要内容之一，因此对于如何快速有效的应对公共危机事件对正在成长中的中国有着重要的意义。本文尝试应用实证分析的方法，以中国近几年发生的公共危机事件为例，分析中国公共危机管理现状和在应对公共危机事件中的经验和教训，并对其中问题提出解决方法。
关键词：公共危机；公共危机事件；中国公共危机管理Abstract
In 2003, an outbreak of Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） began all over the world , with 32 countries included . As for China, it was reported that SARS virus affected 24 provinces and spread to 266 counties or cities. Consequences of SARS had placed the whole nation in panic, resulted in ceasing lessons at school and brought the factories to a halt. In addition, tourism and catering trade suffered more seriously. At the year of 2005, water pollution in Harbin led to stopping supplying water for citizens several days and the whole society went unsteady. Moreover, the local inhabitants were full of scare. However, three years later, that is this year, “5.12”earthquake happened in Sichuan province, China. The earthquake ruined nearly everything in Wenchuan county, Sichuan province. The death toll has climbed to more than ten thousand. It is terrible that nearly millions of houses are destroyed so that the economic impact of the earthquake is terrible. According to estimate by some relevant departments, it takes less than six years to rebuild the area. From 2003 to 2008, it looks far and wide that the three public crisis are not only the disaster of threatening safety of people‘s life and wealth, but also the significant test of nation safety stability. Management of government to public crisis is by means of warning , reaction , rescue and recovery measures so as to prevent crisis in effect , control the further development of event powerfully after crisis taking place in order to reduce losses , protect people ‘ interests and defend the nation safety . At present, public crisis management has already become one of the major content of government public management; therefore, it is important for the growing China to how to confront public crisis events rapidly and effectively. This paper applies the method of evidence analysis and takes the recent public crisis events in China for example to analyze the situation of China public crisis management and experience of handling public crisis events, then finding the solutions to the problems.
Key words: public crisis; public crisis events; China public crisis management
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