浅析辜鸿铭的文化保守主义思想
辜鸿铭，一位中国文化史上的奇人，他学通中西，精通九种语言，人们把他视为“讨厌西方文明”的“排外思想家”。他的文化保守主义思想主旨即彻底否定西方文明而热烈称赞中国传统文明，呈现出极端性和保守性。虽然他对文明的看法以及对中西文明的评价和判断存在很大的偏颇，但问题在于一个在西方接受过正规教育、精通西学、精通数种洋文、还获得过十三个博士学位的这样一位高学历人才，怎么可能变得如此保守？怎么可能偏离当时国内主流文化这么远呢？而对于他的文化保守主义思想，我们是不是应该把它一概视为糟粕而弃之或者作为批判封建传统文化的典型呢？这显然不合适。
作为一代国学大师，辜鸿铭的文化保守主义思想无疑有其独特的文化魅力。本文主要将辜鸿铭放置于近代中国这个悲剧而复杂的大舞台上和大背景下进行研究，运用分析、比较、归纳以及总结的方法，对其文化保守主义思想进行研究，以期望还原其本来的面目。从分析辜鸿铭对中国传统文明、中国文明与欧洲文明的差异来论述他的文化保守主义思想，进而对其不可取之处进行论述，以及阐述其形成原因和对当代的意义。
同时，通过分析和研究辜鸿铭的文化保守主义思想，指出辜鸿铭并不是彻彻底底的荒谬之辈，事实上，他的文化保守主义思想，不仅关注社会现实、强调社会秩序，还维护中国传统，呼唤伦理道德，在当今社会不断变化的情况下，这能引起我们对社会以及自身的思考，从而给人以启示，这正是我们研究辜鸿铭文化保守主义思想的意义所在。
关键词：辜鸿铭；保守主义；文明；文化观；现代化
Abstract: Gu Hongming is a particular wise man in Chinese history of culture. He mastered nine languages and he had a thorough knowledge of both western and Chinese traditional culture. He is viewed as an “exclusive thinker who hates western civilizations”. It is real that he praised or supported such “dregs” like bound feet and plaits. His cultural gist of conservatism is to deny Western civilization completely and to praise Chinese traditional civilizations; extremes and conservatives are presented fully on his cultural conservatism. There are lots of biases in his view of civilizations in China or west. Why did such a foreign doctor with 13 doctor’s degrees become so extremely conservative or deviated so far from the mainstream cultures in China? He even had received regular western education and been familiar with western cultures and foreign languages. Can his thoughts on cultural conservatism only be thrown into the ash bin of history or be a typical case when we criticize feudal ethics? The answer is surely no.
As a master of Chinese culture, there is no doubt that his cultural conservatism has its distinctive culture charm. This paper will analysis his thoughts in the complicated background of modern China .The method of analysis and compare , conclusion will be used with the purpose of giving him a just treatment . Finding out the meanings of his cultural conservatism is also an important objective of this paper through analyzing Gu Hongming’s view of point on Chinese civilization and the difference of civilization between China and West.
In the meantime, through analyzing Gu Hongming’s cultural conservatism, it is good for us to point out that Gu Hongming is not a thoroughly absurd person. However, his cultural conservatism not only focused on the social reality and the social order, but also maintained the Chinese tradition and morals. In modern time, it will arouse us to think about the society. This is the meaning of studying the cultural conservatism of Gu Hongming.
Keywords: Gu Hongming; Conservatism; civilization; Cultural view; Be modernized
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