精神分析视域下玛丽的悲剧性命运——评多丽丝莱辛的《野草在歌唱》
多丽丝•莱辛是2007年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，是英国文坛杰出的女作家之一。《野草在歌唱》是莱辛的第一部作品，讲述了一个白人妇女——玛丽被一个黑人奴仆杀害的人生悲剧。造成玛丽悲剧性命运的原因是多方面的。本文借助弗洛伊德和荣格的无意识论，以及弗洛伊德对梦的解析，从精神方面对玛丽的悲剧性人生进行分析。弗洛伊德认为梦的内容是在于愿望的满足，其动机在于某种愿望，而梦是无意识的代替物。弗洛伊德认为无意识不仅是个体精神生活的实质，人格发展的根本动力，而且是人类社会形成的基础和社会发展的内在动力，而这种无意识根源于个体的童年经验。荣格认为集体无意识是由种族先天遗传的，它不是被遗忘的部分，而是个体始终意识不到的东西。《野草在歌唱》表现了莱辛对人与社会的平衡以及对个人精神的思考。小说的女主人公玛丽的个人意识不能逃脱她的个人无意识和集体无意识的控制，这是她悲剧性命运发生的原因之一。玛丽强烈的依赖性是造成她悲剧的最关键性的原因。
本论文将分为四个部分：第一部分简单介绍莱辛及其作品。第二部分通过对梦的解读，分析玛丽的个人无意识和集体无意识对她影响。第三部分论述父权制下，女性主义与玛丽性格中的强烈依赖性的矛盾。最后一部分总结莱辛对人与社会平衡，以及个人精神的健康成长的关注。
关键词：个人无意识；集体无意识；女性意识
Abstract：Doris Lessing, awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature, is one of outstanding women novelist in Britan. The Grass Is Singing is her first novel about a white women killed by a black servant.
The paper argues that the cause of Mary’s tragic fate is multifaceted. The paper explores Mary’s tragic fate under psychoanaysis perspective with theorys of Freud’s interpretation of dreams and individual unconsciousness and Jung’s collective unconsciousness. Freud points out that the content of the dream is thus the fulfillment of a wish, its motive is a wish, and dream is the representative of unconsciousness which is required from childhood. Jung argues that collective unconsciousness which can not be awared by consciousness comes from heredity. The novel shows Lessing’s consideration of the balance of individual and society , and one’s spiritual world. Mary’s unconsciousness dominates her whole life beyond control, which contributes her tragedy. And her strong dependency is the fudamental cause to her tragic fate.
The paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces Lessing and her works. The second part analyzes the influence of individual and collective unconsciousness on Mary through interpret her dreams. The third part discusses the contradiction of Mary’s feminism and her personality of dependency under patrarchy. The last part summarizes Lessing’s attention to the balance of individual and society, and spiritual growth.
Keywords: Individual Unconsciousness; Collective Unconsciousness; Feminist Consciousness
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