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无望之乡——论卡佛小说中的叙事策略及其哲学命题


全文字数:7500字左右  原创时间:<=2022年

【内容摘要】

无望之乡——论卡佛小说中的叙事策略及其哲学命题
雷蒙德•卡佛是20世纪杰出的短篇小说作家,也是“简约主义”小说的代表性人物。他与其他简约主义小说家开创了一个新的简洁的写作风格,并以广受好评。他以简练、干净的文字描写生活中的无奈与绝望。他笔下的任务大多为生活在社会底层的劳动人,他们挣扎于失业与失败的困境之中,无比绝望。卡佛的作品不仅向我们展示了当时人们的生活状态,还反应了当时的社会环境。他的文字透着孤独和对生活的失望,这并未使读者望而却步,反而激起了他们内心的情感共鸣。
    卡佛的小说大多取材于他的个人经历。和许多自己笔下生活在社会底层的人物一样,他也有过经济上的极度贫穷和感情上的不如意。早年抚养孩子的负担让他不得不马不停蹄的工作,也逐渐毁掉了他的第一次婚姻。他甚至一度酗酒酗烟并最终死于肺癌。
    本文的正文部分基于卡佛的短篇小说,主要讨论其叙事结构和叙事声音的独特之处与萨特存在主义思想的相关性,并指出小说人物生活之中处处体现的绝望之感。论文的第一部分主要通过仔细阅读原文并联系萨特存在主义思想来分析省略、开放性结尾、不可靠叙述和象征四个项目。接下来,将从爱情、家庭、自我放逐和生存四个方面来讲述他对生活的绝望。最后,将要从卡佛的个人经历和当时的社会环境这两部分来讨论这种绝望的起源。这有助于学者更深刻地理解卡佛和他所生活的社会。
关键字:雷蒙德•卡佛;叙事策略;哲学命题;
Abstract: Raymond Carver is a remarkable short story writer in 20th century in America. He is one of the representatives of Minimalism who has gain reputation and fame by creating a new tight style of writing. His simpleness reflects his thoughtful using of words in showing the real existential state of the low class. His works are simple and clean which mainly describe ordinary worker’s hopeless and distressful life. Most characters in his short stories are manual workers at the bottom of American society, who are stuck in unemployment, failure and despair. His works reflect not only the state of their lives, but also present the over-all social context at that time. That his words intertwine a sense of disappointment and loneliness does not keep readers away but arouse the same feeling and emotional resonance of their life.
    Carver’s stories largely derive from his personal experience. Like his characters living in the underclass of American society, Carver suffered from extreme economic shortage as well. The burden of feeding children at young age urged him to work continuously and finally ruined his marriage and life. He even addicted to alcohol and tobacco for a long time and finally died of lung cancer.
    The main body of this thesis is based on his short stories, aiming to point out the embodiment of hopelessness in those stories and to work out the connection between four peculiar narrative strategies and his existentialist awareness. The first part will analyze omission, opening ending, unreliable narration and symbols in some of his works by carefully reading the original text and by connecting them with Sartre's existentialist theories. Then, it will also discuss the philosophic proposition in betrayal, family, self-degradation and survival. At last, the origin of the philosophic proposition will be discussed in two sections, personal experience and social circumstances at that time. It will help scholars to get deeper understandings about Carvers’ stories and the isolated modern society he once lived in.
Keywords: Raymond Carver; Narrative Strategies; Philosophic Proposition;

 

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