我国劳工NGO的发展现状及转型策略——以珠三角地区为例
农民工问题是当前的研究热点，关注这些为中国经济作出重要贡献的群体是政府及众多学者的职责所在。本文结合自上世纪末以来推动以农民工为主要服务对象的劳工NGO产生和发展的内外力量及其社会背景，在理论分析的基础上探讨了建立劳工NGO的必要性，并结合以往众多学者的研究成果探讨了劳工NGO的定义、发展背景、现状及困境。劳工NGO的服务定位及功能，主要在职业培训、法律维权、丰富精神文化、提高政治参与水平四方面。通过对劳工NGO的发展现状研究，可以发现劳工NGO的发展还处于初级阶段，其社会影响力还很弱。通过文献研究、案例分析，总结得出中国劳工NGO面临的困境及制约因素，组织合法性缺乏、资金来源单一、专业化能力不高、人力资源管理缺位、农民工利益表达机会有限等问题都严重制约了劳工NGO的发展。
最后本文从外部和内部两个角度提出有关劳工NGO的发展对策及转型策略。政府方面，首先是尽快完善有关劳工NGO乃至所有NGO的法律法规，为NGO的发展营造良性的法律环境；二是加快推广公益孵化器项目，加大对NGO的培育、发展、扶持力度；三是完善立足于整个社会中的非政府组织的评估体系。NGO自身方面，一是要想方设法扩展资金来源渠道；二是重视人力资源管理，尤其是人才引进、培训、激励方面；三是公共关系策略，如宣传“温和”的理念宗旨、加强多方合作交流、NGO活动公开透明化；四是完善内部管理机制。
本文认为应当为劳工NGO的发展创造良好的制度环境和社会环境，从而才能为中国社会领域的发展添加一个重要的制衡力量，广大农民工的利益才能体现，中国的发展才会更加稳健。
关键词：劳工NGO，农民工，非政府组织，发展现状，发展对策，转型策略
ABSTRACT
The problems of rural migrant workers is current research hotspot, paying close attention to these for China's economy to make important contributions to the group is the government and the administrative personnel's duties. The paper retrospected the internal and external driving force and the social background since the end of last century which promoted the establishment and development of labor NGO in China. Combined with theoretical analysis and previous research achievements of many scholars, the paper discusses the definition, development background, present situation and difficulties. Labor NGO service orientation and function, are mainly in the vocational training, legal rights, rich spiritual culture, improve political participation level four aspects. Through the labor NGO development present situation research, we can find that the development of the labor NGO is still in the primary stage, and its social influence is still very weak. Through the literature research and case analysis, this paper summarizes the conclusion that what difficulties and restricting factors China labor NGO face are four aspects as follows: the lack of rganization of legitimacy, single sources of the funds, weak professional ability, absence of human resources management, limited opportunities to express migrant workers interest. These problems have seriously restricted the development of the labor NGO.
At the end, from internal and external two aspects, the paper put forward some development countermeasures and transformation strategies concerning the labor NGO.For government, it should improve the labor NGO-related laws and regulations to create a healthy legal environment for the development of the NGO as soon as possible. Secondly, accelerate the promotion of public incubator project, increase the cultivation,development and support efforts of the NGO. Thirdly, improve the non-governmental organization evaluation system. For labor NGO themselves, firstly, try to expand fund sources. Secondly, emphasis on human resources management, especially the introduction of talents, training and incentives. Thirdly, pay attention to public relations strategy, for exemple, propagandaing "moderate" Philosophy,strengthening the multi-party cooperation and exchange, opening and transparenting NGO activities. Fourthly, improve the internal management mechanism.
This paper argues that we should create a good system and social environment, so that we can add an important counterweight to the development of China's social sphere and reflect the interests of the majority of migrant workers. Finally, China's development will be more robust.
Key words: Labor NGO，migrant workers，non-governmental organizations，development present situation，development countermeasures
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