论语境在翻译中的重要性

Context is the basis of translation, translation depends on context. The use of language cannot do without context; the object translation work also cannot do without context on language. As a communicative activity of cross-language and cross-culture, the understanding and expression of translation is performed in a specific context. The western scholars once said: "No context, no text." Context plays a very important role in translation, therefore the basis for correct translation should be accurately grasp the context. This article refers to the study of context at home and abroad, through the comparative analysis of the results of previous studies, first analyzes and identifies the definition of context, and then classifies the context from different angles and summarizes its function. It shows linguistic context and non-linguistic context’s impact on translation and how to cope with it, further illustrates the restriction of context in translation, revealing both in translation theory and translation practice, we should give enough attention to the context. Therefore, with the development of translation theory and practice, the importance of context in translation gradually emerged. Although the translation theory has already realized the significance of context studies, these studies mainly based on the research results in linguistics. The awareness of context in translation is not enough, and translator's points of view are relatively dispersed, having not formed the theoretical system. Hence, this paper aims to make translator recognize the importance of context in translation and use context in translation practice actively and correctly by introducing the context and translation examples. Enhance the translator's awareness of context in order to make use of context to translate.
Key words: context; translation; linguistic context; extra-linguistic context; restrictive function

 
摘要

语境是翻译的基础，翻译取决于语境。语言的使用离不开语境，以语言为对象的翻译工作自然也离不开语境。翻译作为一种跨语言、跨文化的交际活动，其理解和表达是在具体的语境中进行的。西方学者曾经说过：“No context, no text.”语境在翻译中发挥着重要作用，因此正确翻译的基础应在于准确地把握语境。本文参考了国内外对语境的研究，通过对比分析前人的研究成果，首先分析并确定了语境的定义，然后从不同角度对语境进行了分类，进而概括其功能，例举了语言语境和非语言语境对翻译的影响及翻译时应该如何把握这些影响，进一步说明了语境对翻译的制约作用，揭示出不论是在翻译理论还是翻译实践中，我们都应该给予语境足够的重视。因此，随着翻译理论研究和翻译实践的发展，语境在翻译中的重要性逐渐凸显出来。虽然翻译理论中已经认识到了语境研究的意义，但是这些研究主要以语言学中的研究成果为基础，对翻译中语境的认识还不深刻，翻译家的观点也比较分散，没有形成系统的理论。因此，本文将通过对语境的介绍和翻译实例证明使译者深刻认识到语境在翻译中的重要性，主动和正确的使用语境进行翻译实践。增强译者的语境意识，使译者利用语境进行翻译。

关键词：语境；翻译；语言语境；非语言语境；制约作用

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