精神分析视阈下《最蓝的眼睛》中精神分裂者行为异化的解读托妮•莫里森是当代美国文坛上享誉盛名的黑人女作家。在她的处女作《最蓝的眼睛》一书中，她转变传统的叙述方法，大胆地将视角转为描写黑人群体中常被忽略的女性的生活状态，揭示出长期种族歧视带给黑人心灵的扭曲和变异。笔者将运用弗洛伊德精神分析理论探讨并阐释小说中反映出的精神分裂者三种行为方式的异化。其一审美观的异化：由于黑人长期以来被白人驾驭，其审美观发生偏移，信奉“唯白即美”；其二替罪羊的异化：处于社会底端的小人物受错误价值观的侵蚀，成为悲剧的刽子手；其三身份认同的异化：黑人群体普遍缺乏民族责任感，丧失主体意识。本文将试图探索导致这些行为异化现象产生的深层原因及其带来的悲剧后果，旨在唤醒生活在社会边缘同胞们对重获民族话语权及重拾传统文化的重视。
关键词：《最蓝的眼睛》；精神分裂者；行为异化；种族歧视
The Miserable Blue Dream
--- A Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Schizoids’
Behavioral Alienation in The Bluest Eye
Abstract
Toni Morrison is the most renowned and distinguished black women writer in contemporary American literature. In her first novel The Bluest Eye, she abandons traditional narrative method. Instead, she boldly changes her perspective of view to describe living conditions that are often overlooked among black community, aiming at revealing the alienation of black soul caused by racial discrimination for a long period. Approaching from Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory, the writer of the thesis intends to explore and illustrate three forms of behavioral alienation caused by Schizoids in the novel. The first alienation refers to the distortion of aesthetics. Owing to being manipulated by white people for a long time, black people’s aesthetics have been shifted to the wrong side embracing the value of “White is beauty”; the second form is concerned with the alienation of scapegoats who are originally ordinary citizens at the bottom of a hierarchy having transformed into executioners of the tragedy with the erosion of false values; the last alienation is addressed as the loss of national responsibility as well as identity recognition among whole black communities. This thesis will make a tentative effort to probe into the inner causes of these behavioral alienations according to tragic results they bring about, with an attempt to raise the awareness of regaining national discourse and traditional culture for those compatriots who live on the edge of society.
Key words: The Bluest Eye; schizoids; behavioral alienation; racial discrimination
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