论休斯对马克思人类需要学说的生态解读——基于《生态与历史唯物主义》

英国生态马克思主义者乔纳森·休斯在《生态与历史唯物主义》中运用分析哲学的方法来解读马克思的经典著作，挖掘出其中的生态意蕴，同时有力地驳斥了一些环保主义者批评马克思“反生态”的观点。休斯认为，马克思的人类需要概念在生态上是可持续的，马克思主张一种以“人的需要的丰富性”为特征的社会主义形式。虽然人类需要的增长会涉及到物质生产的增长，但这并不必然会产生有害的生态后果，而是可以采取如技术增长和规则设定等生态良性的方式来实现。

关键词：马克思，休斯，人类需要，生态
ABSTRACT
Jonathan Hughes is a famous scholar in ecological Marxism in Britain. In his book Ecological and Historical Materialism, he used the method of analytical philosophy to interpret Marx's classic works, digging out its ecological significance, and effectively refutes the views of some environmentalists who criticized Marx anti-ecology at the same time. In his opinion, Marx's concept of human needs is sustainable in ecology. Marx advocated a form of socialism characterized by “the richness of human needs”. Although the growth of human needs will involves the growth of material production, but this will not necessarily lead to ecological impact. It can be realized by some ecological benign ways such as the growth of technology and set up of rules.

Key words: Marx, Hughes, human needs, ecology

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