《嘉莉妹妹》中主人公悲剧命运的成因及当代启示

Published in the early 1960s, Catch-22 is the first well-known work written by American writer Joseph Heller. The writer presents his vision of American society to the readers through the novel. This society is stuck in organized chaos and a systematic insanity, where everything only follows the absurd logic of “Catch-22”. Heller’s imagination is the only place where such a morbid and absurd society exists, and black humor is the sole technique to depicting it. This thesis, by analyzing Heller’s narrative style from the dimensions of the non-chronological narration, 20th- century satire, black comedy and its construction based on existentialism, aims at exploring and interpreting the vigorous style that Heller implanted into the contemporary American literature. The writer of this thesis mainly applied the methods of document research, exemplification and theory analysis. The detailed study of Heller’s narrative style in this thesis can boost the readers’ understanding and appreciation for the novel.

Key words:  non-chronological narration; satire; black comedy; existentialism
摘  要
《第二十二条军规》是美国著名作家约瑟夫·海勒的成名之作，发表于20世纪60年代初。通过这部小说，作者将他眼中美国社会的景象呈现给读者。这个社会处于一种有组织的混乱、一种制度化的疯狂之中，整个社会的一切事物仅服从于“第二十二条军规”的荒诞逻辑。这样一种病态且荒诞的社会唯有海勒的想象力才能够容纳它，唯有“黑色幽默”这样的创作手法才能够表现它。本文对海勒叙事风格的分析主要从非线性叙事技巧、二十世纪讽刺手法、黑色幽默表现形式以及其基于存在主义哲学思想的构建这几个方面入手，旨在探索与诠释海勒为美国当代文学注入的新风格。本文作者主要应用了文献法，例证法及理论分析法。文中对于海勒叙事风格的详尽研究能够提升读者对该小说的理解和欣赏。

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