《圣经》中的人物分析——大卫

大卫是古以色列国的第二代国王。他出生于犹大部族的伯利恒。最早在国王扫罗宫中任职，同约拿单结为密友，娶扫罗之女米甲为妻。大卫对非利士人作战英勇，为百姓所爱戴，因而招致扫罗嫉妒，保罗甚至企图杀害大卫。随后几年大卫不得不四处逃亡。扫罗王和他三个儿子跟非利士人作战，最后在基利波山上阵亡。大卫被立为王，统治犹大部族。各个部族都有人来到希伯仑，拥立大卫作全以色列的王。不久，大卫攻下耶路撒冷，立为首都。他扩张以色列的国境，把上帝应许赐给亚伯拉罕后代的领土全都纳入版图。但大卫一生绝非一帆风顺。例如，他一时放纵情欲，跟美貌的拔示巴通奸，后来为了掩饰罪过，还做了其他错事。大卫由于所犯的罪，家里祸患重重。最终，耶和话宽恕了他，再次悦纳他。大卫全心全意信赖上帝，是一个合耶和华心意的人。
本文尽力按圣经所载，将大卫生活时所发生的主要事件简明陈述出来，在可能范围内，所提及的各事件均按照发生的先后次序而排列。首先本文介绍了大卫宗谱和家庭，主体部分按时间顺序可分为四部分，即少年时代，逃亡时期，作王期间，以及晚年生活。纵观前人的研究,都未能对耶稣与大卫的关系予以足够的重视或充分的研究，因此文章最后部分简述了大卫与耶稣的关系。

关键词：大卫：牧人；乐手；战士；君王； 

ABSTRACT

David, the second king of Israel, was born in Bethlehem, in the territory of the Tribe of Judah. Early in his life, David served under King Saul in the royal court, making a friend with Jonathan, taking Mi′chal as his wife. For his triumph over the Philistine giant Goliath, he came to be celebrated in Israel for his military prowess. However, this made Saul jealous, and he grew to hate David, and even tried to kill him. For several years David had to live as a fugitive, constantly in flight from place to place. King Saul and his three sons died in battle against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa. David had been made king over the tribe of Judah. Men from all tribes came to Hebron and made him king over all Israel. Soon thereafter, he captured Jerusalem and moved his capital there. He also extended Israel’s borders to the full limit of the land God had promised to give to Abraham’s descendants. David’s life was not free from problems. For instance, succumbing to human desire, he committed adultery with beautiful Bath-Sheba and then committed other wrong deeds in order to cover his sin. David would have many family problems as a result of his sins. Finally, Jehovah forgave him and David was restored to God’s favor. David manifested complete trust and confidence in God, and he proved to be a man agreeable to Jehovah’s heart.
An effort has been made to concisely present the basic events all though David’ life that is set forth in the Bible. To the extent possible, everything is related in the order in which it occurred. Firstly, the paper introduces David’ genealogy and family. Chronologically, the following main body is organized into four parts according to the basic events that reflect David’s qualities: early years, years as a fugitive, years as a king and later years. The relation between David and Jesus Christ has not been fully researched before. As a result, the paper concludes by presenting the similarities between the two.

Key words: David  shepherd  musician  soldier  king

David was the second king of Israel. Fame, good looks, youth, eloquence, musical skills, military prowess, divine favor—David seemed to have it all. This shepherd, musician, poet, soldier, statesman, prophet, and king stood out in the Hebrew Scriptures in great prominence. He was a fierce fighter on the battlefield who showed endurance under hardships, a leader and commander strong and unwavering in courage, yet humble enough to acknowledge his mistakes and repent of his gross sins, a man capable of tender compassion and mercy, a lover of truth and righteousness, and above all, one with implicit trust and confidence in his God Jehovah. What is more, David prefigured Christ.

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】