《最蓝的眼睛》中双重悲剧的比较

美国黑人女作家—托妮·莫里森，以其敏锐且独到的观察能力及文字运用能力创作出了众多文学作品。她的第一部长篇小说《最蓝的眼睛》就描述了一位黑人小女孩的悲剧人生，围绕其渴望拥有一双白人的蓝眼睛而进行创作。近几十年来，不乏有研究者从后殖民主义、种族主义、女性视阀、心理学、伦理学等角度作为切入点对《最蓝的眼睛》进行深入地剖析，当然也有不少人从小说的叙述角度入手，而本文则选择从小说暗含的双重悲剧主线出发，将小说人物的态度、行动、情感等进行多重的对比，以期从一个全新的角度来解读这本小说，以达到立足自身重新审视的目的。
本文分为四章：第一章主要从两部分对莫里森进行展开介绍，一是托尼·莫里森所创作的作品，二是读者对其评价。从第二章开始，运用具体事例对多个人物角色进行思想、行动等方面的对比，以及角色自我对比，以期突出小说双重悲剧主线中一条——放弃自我文化的悲剧。第三章承接第二章的描写，不仅叙述了黑人的自我对比，还穿插描写白人的态度变化，通过多样化的对比体现双重悲剧主线的另一条——盲目追求自我文化的悲剧。第四章则将两条并行的主题线，通过小说的高潮“查理奸污了皮克拉”汇聚为一点，并试着挖掘造成如此悲剧的线索，深入的探求双重悲剧的产生原因。本文结尾部分对全文进行了总结，以示图警醒世人，在当今文化大交融的形势下，如何取其精华，去其糟粕，构建属于自己的文化价值观。
 
关键词：双重悲剧主线；自我文化认同；文化价值观
Abstract
Toni Morrison, the American black female writer, who has created many literary works not only by her penetrating and unique observation, the ability of using words, but also by her growth environment. Her first novel,The Bluest Eye, was telling the story about the tragic life of an 11-year-old black girl who yearned for the white men’s blue eyes strongly. In recent years, many researchers have studied The Bluest Eye from the perspectives of postcolonialism, racism, feminism, psychology, ethics, and of course, there is no shortage of people who think so, they have studies from the narrative point of view of the novel. However, in order to understand the novel from a new angle, and to achieve the goal of self-examination in the meantime, this article will choose to start from the double main tragic lines which have been implied in the story, and make some multiple comparisons between the various attitudes, actions and emotions of the diverse characters in the novel.
This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter gives an account of Toni Morrison,her works and readers’ evaluation about her. In order to highlight one tragedy of the dual tragedies of the novel—to give up self-culture, from the second chapter, this paper makes the comparisons between the various character’s emotions and actions as well as the characters themselves. The third chapter continues the description of the second chapter, which not only narrates the blacks’ self-contrast, but also intersperses the changes of whites’ attitude. There still shows some examples to embody another tragedy of the dual tragical threads—to pursue the self-culture blindly by using contrasts. Then chapter four focuses on two parallel thematic lines converged to one point, the climax of the novel—Pecola was raped by Cholly. This chapter is a brief analysis of the reasons for causing such tragedies, and tries to explore the clues and the hints before the dual tragedies happened. At the end of this article, it summarizes the whole paper. It points out how to construct the self-culture identities, values and consciousness which is under the influence of the mainstream culture. What’s more, it reminds the world how to select the essence and discard the dross, then how to construct their own cultural values when they are under such current situation of cultural integration.
 

Key words: dual tragic thread; self-culture identities; cultural values

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