Translation in late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China Abstract: There were three translation climaxes in Chinese translation history. They all played an important role in developing the society. And the third translation high tide happened in late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China. At that time translation maintained a primary position because of the special social circumstances. And the translation works also had many special characteristics. Key words: Polysystem Theory; translation in late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China; Evolution and Ethics