基于行人保护的轿车安全关键技术的研究

摘  要
随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，我国汽车拥有量和道路交通运输量也在持续增长，交通事故死亡率也不断增加。在道路交通事故中，行人（包括骑车人）往往是最大的受害群体。汽车与行人碰撞事故中行人致伤原因、损伤类型和分布的研究以及改进汽车的安全性、减少人员伤亡是汽车被动安全领域研究的热点和难点之一。行人交通安全是我国道路交通安全现在和将来都要面临的一个严峻和突出的问题。针对我国的混合交通情况，开展汽车行人碰撞事故中的行人保护研究具有重大意义。
本研究以多刚体动力学为基础，通过使用ADAMS动力学仿真软件，建立汽车与行人的事故模型，并进行人车碰撞仿真，获取人体主要部位的动力学响应参数从而分析人体的伤害指标。对比之前公开发表的文章，验证本次模拟试验的可靠性。仿真结果表明，行人的头部、胸部和小腿是主要损伤部位，这是由于碰撞位置经常落在车辆的保险杆、发动机罩和前挡风玻璃等位置。根据仿真结果，本文提出一种基于行人保护的安全气囊系统，即在轿车发动机罩和前挡风玻璃上布置安全气囊，当车辆探测到前端与行人发生碰撞时，自动展开安全气囊，从而缓冲对行人的撞击，达到减轻行人损伤的目的。

关键词：行人保护，人车碰撞事故重建，安全气囊
Abstract
Because of the economy development and the standard of living improvement, the automobile possession quantity has been rising continuously as the same as the road traffie volume, from which the death rate of accicents also increase in result.In traffic accidents, the pedestrian (including rider) is often the most vulnerable groups. One of the popular and difficult research projects on the fields of vehicle passive safety is on the pedestrian injury causation, injury pattern and distributions in vehicle traffic accidents and improment of the vehicle design to reduce pedestrian casualies. The pedestrian safety in road traffic in our counrty is a serious and obvious problem to be urgently resolved not only now but also in the future. Launching research on the pedestrian safety in mix traffic of our country is of great significance.
Based on the multi-body system, the work research injury index of the mathematics models of pedestrian, by reconstructing pedestrian-vehicle collision by using ADAMS. The simulation results show that the pedestrian's head, chest and leg are the main injuried body parts, due to those parts always hit by the bumper, hood and windshield of vehicles. According to the simulation results.
This paper presents an idea of pedestrian protection airbag system, which covers the hood and windshield of the car with airbags. When the sensor installed in the bumper of vehicle detect pedestrian is hit by the vehicle, the airbags are automatically expanded in order to alleviate pedestrian impact and reduce pedestrian injuries.

Keyword: Pedestrian protection，Reconstruction of Pedestrian-vehicle collision，Airbag

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