英汉语词翻译与文化语境

摘要：语境的研究由来已久，因为它对于理解语篇语义具有重大作用。不同的文化语境决定着语词翻译中词义的提取，也体现着译者对不同文化的判断和理解，因此正确翻译的基础应在于准确地把握语境。本文从这一点出发，首先分析并确定了词语和语境的定义，然后从不同的角度对语境进行了不同划分，进而概括了其功能，尤其对语境与翻译的关系进行了详尽阐释。本文通过对英汉民族不同的文化心理、文化观念和文化习俗等方面的分析对比，着重探讨文化语境与语词翻译的关系；不同的民族文化对语词翻译的影响，特别是某些文化现象对语词翻译的制约作用以及相应的翻译方法；进一步说明了文化语境在语词翻译过程中的重要性；揭示出不论是在翻译理论研究还是翻译实践中，语境特别是文化语境都应该得到足够的重视，从而有利于培养和增强译者的文化意识。在翻译的过程中，我们要注重英汉双语的文化差异，准确地再现原语的文化内涵。达到忠实原文的目的，真正实现两种文化的沟通与移植。
关键词：文化语境;词语翻译;关系

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On Word Translation from Chinese to English and Context of Culture

Abstract: Context has been studying for long time, because it is very important for understanding discourse and semantics. The choice of word meaning in translation is depended on the different context of culture, which can embody the opinion and understanding of translator to different culture .So correct translation is depended on grasping context According to this viewpoint, the definitions of word and context are described at first, and then the context is divided from different angles and the function of context is summarized. The relationship of context and translation is defined specifically, especially the relationship of word translation and context of culture is expressed in detail. This article, which analyses different cultural mentality, cultural idea, cultural custom of English Chinese nation and so on, is intended to discuss that the relationship of word translation and context of culture; different national culture has different effect on word translation; especially some cultural phenomenon have great influence in translation, and some relevant translation methods. It explains that context of culture plays an extremely important role in word translation, which cannot be separated from context. It reveals that context especially context of culture, either as a translation theory study or a translation practice, should be attached enough importance to Accordingly, it is in favor of educating and strengthening the cultural consciousness of translator. In translation process, we must pay attention to the difference between English and Chinese, reproduce the cultural connotation of original language correctly, to reach the  aim of being loyal to original, and to make the communication and transplantation of the two culture language come true.
Key words: context of culture;word translation; relationship

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