棕榈油制备生物柴油新工艺的研究
棕榈油制备生物柴油新工艺的研究
摘 要
本文以棕榈油和甲醇为原料，在催化剂硫酸钙晶须的作用下通过酯交换反应制取生物柴油。通过实验得出传统酯交换工艺的最佳反应条件，并且在传统工艺的基础上，研究了超声波在酯交换反应中的应用，并与传统工艺进行了比较。实验主要考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂添加量、醇油摩尔比、搅拌桨转速、超声波频率及超声波功率等单因素对于酯交换反应的影响。
实验数据显示，传统酯交换工艺的最佳反应条件为：搅拌桨转速100r/min，反应时间100min，反应温度65℃，催化剂添加量2.5%（以棕榈油重量为基准），醇油摩尔比6:1，所得转化率为73.65%；超声波工艺的最佳反应条件为：超声波频率30kHz，超声波功率200w，反应时间20min，反应温度40℃，催化剂添加量2%（以棕榈油重量为基准），醇油摩尔比7:1，所得转化率为83.71%。
研究结果表明，与机械搅拌为主的传统酯交换工艺相比，低频超声波可以大大强化酯交换反应过程，缩短反应时间，降低催化剂使用量并使得生物柴油的产率有明显提高。
关键词 生物柴油；棕榈油；硫酸钙晶须；超声波
The study on new technical research about palm biodiesel
Yue Jinze
Abstract
In this work, palm oil and methanol were selected as raw materials and biodiesel were synthesized by calcium sulfate whisker through transesterification. The optimal reaction conditions of traditional transesterification process were studied. Basing on the results of traditional process, the effect of ultrasonic wave in transesterification reactions was also investigated compared with the traditional process. Some single experimental factors of transesterification, including reaction time, reaction temperature，catalyst amount, molar ratio of methanol to oil, impeller speed, ultrasonic frequency and power were optimized.
Experimental results showed that the optimal conditions of traditional transesterification process were as follows：rotating speed 100r/min, reaction time 100min, reaction temperature 65℃, catalyst dosage 2.5%（base on weight of palm oil）and the molar ratio of methanol to oil 6:1. Under the optimal conditions the conversion rate was 73.65%；The optimum reaction conditions of ultrasonic wave technology were as follows, ultrasonic frequency 30kHz, ultrasonic power 200w, reaction time 20min, reaction temperature 40℃, catalyst dosage 2% （base on weight of palm oil）and the molar ratio of methanol to oil was 7:1. Under the conditions optimized above, the conversion rate was 83.71%.
Research results showed that the low-frequency ultrasonic wave greatly promoted the transesterification，shortened reaction time, reduced catalyst amount and significantly improved the conversion rate of biodiesel，compared with traditional transesterification process which was accomplished mainly by mechanical mixing method.
Key words Biodiesel；palm oil；calcium sulfate whisker；ultrasonic wave
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