国外资源型城市转型对中国资源型城市转型的启示

国外资源型城市转型对中国资源型城市转型的启示
摘要

资源型城市依托某种自然资源开发而兴起，进而形成产业，资源型产业在城市发展和区域经济中占有举足轻重的地位。
在我国有118个资源型城市，根据目前的境况，国家发展改革批准了44个资源枯竭型城市（2008年3月批准12个、2009年3月批准32个）进行产业转型。
新中国成立之初，我国实行计划经济体制，国家动员一切可能力量，建设一批资源型城市，这些城市的发展完全依托和依附于企业。改革开放后的很长一段时间内，这种情形都没有从根本上改观。
时至今日，一些资源型城市“矿竭城衰”，面临着极大的困难：城市凋敝，资源产业落寞，下岗再就业问题严峻，城乡居民收入难以迅速提高等。
这些问题，应该得到政府和全社会的高度关注，客观公正地看待资源型城市对国家发展所做的贡献以及其历史地位。
发达国家在资源型城市转型中，有一些成功的案例，通过对这些成功的案例实践分析，我们发现虽然各国、各地区的自然及社会条件不同，解决的方法也不同，但依旧能够得出一些经验，值得中国资源型城市转型的借鉴。
在借鉴的同时，我们应该牢记中国的资源型城市转型毕竟有别于其他国家，看重资源型城市转型的国际经验，也必须从中国的实际出发来提出解决问题的方法。
   
关键词：资源型城市转型，产业与城市转型，国际借鉴
ABSTRACT
Cities that are full of resources originally develop relying on their natural resources which play a very important role in city development
and regional economy.
According to the current situation in China ,among 118 resource-based cities, 44 have been approved to industrial transformation.
At the beginning, under the background of planned economy,the nation
makes fully use of possible force to develop resource-based cities
where resources are found ,relied on and completely attached to.Even after the reform of a considerable period of time, this situation does not radically change.
Today, some of these cities downfall for the reason of declined resources ,which are  faced  with great difficulties: the city came, resources industries, laid-off problem, the income of urban and rural residents etc.
However,these problems should be paid high attention by the government and the whole society.We should objectively view their national contributions and historical status of resource-based cities.
Developed countries in the transformation of resources city have some successful cases.We can draw some experience, and reference for the transformation of the resource-based cities of China through analyzing the successful cases of practical analysis, although all countries and regions on the natural and social conditions are different.
Meanwhile, we must tell the difference from China to other countries in resource transformation and put forward the methods to solve the problems by the the reality of China.

 Key words: Transformation of Resources-based Cities, Industrial and urban transformation, international reference .

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