采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取枫香(Liquidambar formosana Hance)叶挥发油，通过气相色谱－质谱联用技术(GC/MS)分析其化学组成成分，共检测出51个色谱峰，鉴定出47个化合物，检出率为98.11%。
其中萜类成分为30个，占82.28%；脂肪族成分为14个，占14.01%；芳香族成分为3个，占1.82%。挥发油主要成分为：β－蒎烯（21.18%）、α－蒎烯（20.70%）、(E)－2－己烯醛（7.64%）、柠檬烯(7.59%)、β－石竹烯(6.08%)等。采用滤纸片法进行挥发油抑菌活性试验，结果表明：枫香叶挥发油对枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、青霉(Penicillium oxalicum.)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、均有一定抑制作用,其中对枯草杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）的抑制作用最强，抑菌圈直径达到12.6mm，对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）的抑制作用较弱，抑菌圈直径只有2.3mm，对照组未表现抑菌活性；方差分析表明菌种间的抑菌活性差异极显著，挥发油浓度对抑菌活性影响差异极显著，菌种和浓度的交互作用抑菌活性差异极显著。
关键词：枫香；挥发油；化学成分；抑菌活性
Study on Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activities of the Volatile Oil of Leaves of Liquidambar Formosana Hance
GUO Ying
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
Abstract:The volatile oil of leaves of Liquidambar formosana Hance was extracted by wet distillation, and the optimum condition for extracting volatile oil was also compared and analyzed chemical components of volatile oil of Liquidambar formosana Hance were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum condition of extracting volatile oil from leaves of Liquidambar formosana Hance was: pulping the leaves, soaking for 10 hours, and then distillating for 4 hours. GC-MS studies on the volatile oil resulted in the separation of 51 peaks and the identification of 47 components representing 98.11% of the total amount. Monoterpenes and their derivatives were 18, with the relative content of 67.64%; sesquiterpenes and their derivatives were 10, with the relative content of 11.06%. Aliphatic and aromatic compounds were 14 and 3, with the relative content of 1.82% and 14.01% respectively. The highest content was β-Pinene (21.18%), followed by α-Pinene (20.70%), and (E)-2-Hexenal (7.64%). The volatile oil of leaves of Liquidambar formosana Hance had an obvious antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus,Penicillium oxalicum. The antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis is the best ,and Escherichia coli. is the worst.
Keywords: Liquidambar formosana Hance；volatile oil；extracting conditions；chemical components；antimicrobial activity.
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