单片机控制可控硅导通角变功率型家用酸奶机的研制及应用

摘  要
温度是工业生产和科学实验中的重要参数之一,具有非线性、强耦合、时变、时滞等特性。在酸奶机制作酸奶发酵过程中，对温度的控制更是直接影响着所制作酸奶的质量。
本文针对用户在使用酸奶机制作酸奶之前，配制原料时中控制温度的不方便，以及酸奶发酵过程中要求严格的温度控制，提出一种智能控制的新方案。
本文介绍了使用AT89C2051单片机控制可控硅导通角实现变功率系统。温度传感器采集酸奶机恒温舱内部温度信号，送给单片机，单片机将接收信号与预先设置温度值比较，根据加工酸奶需要，选择控制模式，发出控制脉冲方波，控制可控硅导通角的大小，通过改变电热丝两端电压改变加热功率。
本文内容共分为5章。分别介绍了控制系统的工作原理，硬件设计和软件设计的关键技术。另外还对酸奶机的恒温舱进行了机械结构设计。其中对硬件设计要点，软件设计要点，壳体设计和模具设计原则做了必要说明；对使用Protel，Pro/E，CAD软件进行电路设计和机械结构设计中遇到的常见问题阐述了自己的体会；并对在编制程序，制作电路板，实验、调试该系统中出现的问题及解决方法做了详细说明。
本文所设计的控制系统成功解决了酸奶机中温度控制上出现的问题，完全达到了实际要求和设计目的。具有成本低, 硬件电路简单, 调试方便，抗干扰能力强, 故障率低, 维修简单的特点。而且该系统在酸奶机市场中尚属首例，有利于酸奶机的自动化发展，有很广阔的发展前景。

关键词　单片机；可控硅；温度控制
A Research And Application For The Yoghurt Machine Which Can Change Power By Using A Single Chip Microcomputer To Control Silicon Control Rectifier
Abstract
Temperature is one of the important parameters in industrial production and scientific experiment，it have characteristics of non-linear, strong for coupling, change with the time, skewing etc.. During the fermented course of yoghurt using the mechanism which used to made yoghurt , the control of temperature influence quality of yoghurt we made directly .
This text introduces a new kind of intellectual control scheme. It Solve users' inconvenience controlling temperature while compounding raw materials and strict require of temperature control in the fermented course of yoghurt .
This text introduces a system which using a AT89C2051 single chip computer to control silicon controlled rectifier that realize change of power. Temperature sensor gathers temperature signals inside the thermostatical  cabin , then gives them to the one-chip computer, the single chip computer will compare the signals received with temperature value setting up in advance , according to need of processing yoghurt , choose mode of controlling , send out control pulse square wave to size of control silicon controlled rectifier, change the power of heating through changing the voltage of both ends of heating wire.
The content of this text is divided into 5 chapter altogether. It has introduced the operation principle of the control system, and the key technology of hardware design and software design separately .It also has carried on the mechanical structural design to the thermostatical cabin of the yoghurt machine in addition. It has made essential prove to main point of hardware design, software design main point, principles of shell design with mould design; explained my own experience for common problem that run into as using Protel, Pro/E, CAD software to carry on circuit design and mechanical structural design; made elaboration for the problems and solutions that appeared during establishment of procedure, making circuit of board, experiment, and debugging the system.
The control system this text proposed succeed in solving problems of the temperature control of the yoghurt machine, have totally achieved the goal of requiring and designing actually. It has characteristic of low costs, simple hardware circuit, convenient to debug, strong anti-interference ability, low fault rate, maintain simple maintain characteristic. And this system still belongs to the first in the yoghurt machine market, is favorable to the automatic development of the yoghurt machine, there are very wide development prospects.

Keywords  one chip microcomputer; silicon controlled rectifier; temperature controller

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