银行信用卡的风险及防范

摘  要
随着经济和社会的不断发展，银行信用卡开始在人们的日常生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在国内，持卡消费已经成为一种潮流和时尚，消费的范围也越来越广泛。银行信用卡业务的发展促使该业务中风险的发生频率也随之增长，对发卡行造成的损失也越来越大，风险问题的日渐严重使人们意识到风险防范应当成为当前一个重要迫切的研究课题。发卡行中的风险主要是由于自身的问题，所以发卡行是一切问题的源头。银行自身操作系统上的漏洞为利用信用卡进行违法操作的人员提供了机会，导致风险不断的发生，银行应加强对信用卡的管理，加大法律对信用卡的监管力度，提高员工的综合素质，以防止违法违规现象屡次发生，提高发卡行的威信使之能够正常地、高效地、合法地经营。特约商户对信用卡的使用起到了重要的承上启下的作用，对特约商户上下连接的过程也应十分注意，把好每一个关口，堵住每一个有可能发生的漏洞。另外，自身的风险也是一个重要的问题，应提高人员的综合素质，以便更好的维护自身及他人的权利。持卡人是三者之中的弱势群体，除自身应注意“自保”之外，还应注意一些不合理的法规条款等，应有较强的自我保护意识。我国信用卡市场正处在新兴市场形成期向成长期过渡的初级阶段，起步的过程中困难障碍多，市场经济的不完善，相关法律法规有待健全，应多借鉴国外的成功经验，更多地从维护社会公共利益和保护消费者的角度出发，制定有关法律或规定，不能只做行业利益的保护者，不能以牺牲消费者的利益为代价推动银行业的发展。我国信用卡业务的发展处在初级阶段也是暂时没有出现危机的主要原因。我们应认真分析和研究我国信用卡业务风险的范围与形成原因，并采取有效的措施加以防范，以推动我国信用卡业务的健康发展。

关键词：信用卡     风险       防范
ABSTRACT

With constant development of economy and society, credit card began playing more and more important role in people's daily life.
At home, consumption with credit card is regarded as a trend and fashion.  The range of consumption also becomes more and more popular.  The development of credit card business causes probable risk in this business and large financial loss.
Today's severe problem of risk convinced people that keeping away from risk should become an important and urgent research subject.
Bank publishing credit card mainly causes risk because of the bank cam, so, the bank publishing credit card is the headstream of all problems.
Loophole of bank's own operating system provides those who are always ready to illegally use credit card with chances.
So risks take place incessantly.
Banks should reinforce management of credit card and strengthen inspecting dynamism from the laws.  Raise synthesized inner quality of staff to prevent appearance of breaking the law or getting out of line.  Increasing trust to banks so that banks could normally, highly active and legally been operated.
Clients engaged by special arrangement also plays important role, from a connecting link between what comes before and what goes after.  Banks should take good care of connection between bank and clients. Hold every pass and plug up every possible occurrence of loophole.  Besides, bank's own risk is also an important problem, bank should raise synthesized inner quality of staff so that maintain own profit and benefit of others.
People who maintain credit card are weakest colony of the three, they ought to protect themselves and notice some unreasonable legislation clauses, and they should have strong self - protection consciousness. Our credit card market is at junior stage of forming period of new market to period of mature, there are many issues and barriers at this section. Imperfect of market economy, strength of relevant laws and legislation tells us that we should study overseas successful experience; think more about maintaining public interest of society and protection of consumer's benefit.
Formulate relevant laws or provision. Not only protecting industry's interest. Banks' growth shouldn't be at the cost of sacrificing consumers' interest.
Development of our country's credit card business is at its junior stage, so there temporarily is not crisis. We should seriously analyzing and researching range and forming reason of risks in our country's credit card business, and take effective measures to keep away from risks, so that the business could grow healthily.
KEY WORD: credit card; risk; protection

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