我国中小企业虚拟经营战略的研究

摘  要

世界经济全球化、一体化的趋势对传统工业社会产生了巨大冲击，随着信息技术的发展，工业型经济向知识型经济不断转换， 产品的生命周期越来越短，需求极不确定，市场竞争加剧并日益国际化，企业传统的组织和经营管理模式已经越来越不适应现代经济发展的需求，如何及时响应客户的需求,进行大规模的生产定制,敏锐地掌握市场脉搏,及时审视环境,建立一种能够灵活变化、富有弹性的生产模式已成为一种发展趋势。虚拟企业面对多变的市场机遇能够以其灵活多变的柔性, 更适合于现代企业经营管理模式。虚拟企业的运营模式，即虚拟经营是网络经济的产物, 又是网络经济的重要表现。它实质上就是指借用、整合外部资源, 以提高企业竞争力的一种资源配置模式。之所以说"虚拟" , 是因为虚拟经营模式突破了企业有形的组织界限, 借用外部资源进行整合运作。虚拟经营正日益受到全球企业界的关注,被视为市场竞争中克敌致胜的利器。中国作为一个发展中国家, 面对新世纪企业虚拟化运营的发展态势, 也应有相应的对策思路。
面对市场竞争的日益激烈,中小企业的生存与发展成了理论界与企业关注的一个现实问题。本文在分析企业虚拟经营一般理论的基础上,认为我国中小企业竞争环境的变化使得中小企业实行虚拟经营成为现实需要,而且是其实现与现代经济有效互动的可行途径。然后，通过对虚拟经营过程中一些风险的认识和思考，提出了我国中小企业进行虚拟经营的一些措施。

关键词：虚拟经营  虚拟企业  中小企业

ABSTRACT

The trend of the global economy that merge into an organic whole has produced a hunt hit of the traditional industrial society, with the development of information technology and constantly changing from industrial economy to knowledgeable economy, the life circle of the product is becoming shorter and shorter, very unstable demand and the marketable competition that is aggravated leads to internationalization day by day, the traditional organization and management of enterprises have been unsuitable for the demand of modern economy development. It is a current development trend to carry through a large scale production, establish a flexible and adaptable production pattern capable of exquisitely feeling market the pulse. Facing the varied and volatile market, virtual enterprise will be more fit for the mode management to modern enterprises in flexibility. The virtual operation of the enterprises—virtual performance, is the result of the network economy, and it is also the important performance of the network economy. It is virtually one source division model provided by borrow, integrate out source to enhance enterprise competition. It breaks through the material organization border. Virtual management is receiving more and more attention in the global business communities. It is regarded as the sharp weapon in the market competition to conquer the enemy. China, as a developing country, faced with the situation of virtual management in the new century, should have its counter plan accordingly.
Confronted with the increasing competition, the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises have become a focus of attention of the academic circle and departments concerned. This paper, based on the analysis of the general theories of virtual management of enterprises, proposes that the change of the competition environment has actually made the enforcement of the virtual management of small and medium-sized enterprises a necessity. Furthermore, virtual management has also provided an effective way to realize the interaction between the modern economy and these enterprises. Finally, this paper suggests some measures to avoiding some risks in process of virtual management.

Key words: Virtual management   Virtual enterprises   Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

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