霍布斯与洛克两种自然状态观的比较

摘  要
17—18世纪，许多欧洲资产阶级政治思想家以自然状态为其政治哲学的出发点，反对君权神授、等级秩序等封建思想。他们认为，人类最初处于自然状态，但有诸多不便。为了克服这些不便，人们订立契约，走出自然状态，建立国家和政府。卢梭、格劳修斯、斯宾诺莎、霍布斯、洛克等都以自然状态为起点来演绎自己的政治理论。但他们所描述的自然状态不尽相同。本文将重点讨论霍布斯和洛克所描述的两种自然状态以及基于这两种自然状态所导致的理论差异。

关键词：霍布斯；洛克；自然状态；比较
The Comparison between Two Natural States of Hobbes and Locke
——and Its Contemporary Enlightenment
Abstract
17~18 Century, many European bourgeoisie political thinkers regard the natural state as the starting point of its political philosophy and the weapon to fight against the divine right of kings, the hierarchical order and other feudal ideas . They thought that human were initially in the natural state which cause great inconvenience. In order to overcome these inconvenience, people made contracts, went out of the state of nature, and established the state and the government. Thinkers such as Rousseau, Grotius, Spinoza, Hobbes, Locke and some others considered the natural state as a starting point to deduct their own political theories. However, the states of nature they described were not the same. This paper will focus on the two kinds of natural states which Hobbes and Locke have described and the differences of theories caused by them.

Key Words: Hobbes，Locke，States of the nature，Comparison

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