英语委婉语的构成及其语用功能

委婉语是一种普遍的语言现象。它涉及到社会生活的方方面面，在人们的交流中扮演着十分重要的角色。
委婉表达不仅指委婉词语，它更是积极运用语言进行交际的一种表达方式。在很多情况下它不但能掩饰人们不愿提及的或令人不快、厌恶甚至害怕的现象，而且还可以隐藏让人尴尬或丢面子的事情，因而成为了语言交际中必不可少的“润滑油”。
从委婉语存在之日起，它就在交际中起着润滑剂的作用。不单有助于协调人与人之间的关系，还有利于社会的稳定。本文通过对委婉语的起源，历史，发展趋势,构成，类型的分析，进一步的阐述了它在社会交际中起到的重要功能，如避免粗俗，代替禁忌语，礼貌功能，美化功能和幽默，讽刺功能。

关键词：委婉语；语用功能；美化
Abstract
Euphemism is a common phenomenon in all languages. It touches almost all aspects of social lives and plays a very important part in people’s communications.
Euphemistic expressions are more than euphemistic words and phrases established by use. They refer to a way of expression by the application of a language to communication actively. In most cases, euphemistic expressions not only cover unpleasant, disgusting and even terrifying realities, but also hide embarrassing or face-threatening things, thus functioning as a sort of “lubricating oil” in language communication.
Euphemism, from the date of existence, plays a lubricant role in our daily communication. It not only contributes to the coordination of the relationship between people, but also is conducive to social stability. This paper analyzes the origin of the euphemism, its history, its development trend, composition and types, and also further describes the important pragmatic functions in our society, such as to avoid offence, to substitute taboos, to show politeness, to beautify, to express humorous and satirical function.

Keywords: euphemism  pragmatic function  beautify

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