商务语境下中美体态语言的比较研究

语言是交际的工具,非语言是文化的载体，也是文化的一种补充。大多数人在交际时只重视语言，往往忽略非语言所扮演的重要角色。中美双方在商务沟通时，一些商务人员往往对体态语言的使用不够重视，他们认为语言是最主要的因素，然而往往使得谈判破裂或者终止是因为非语言因素，即体态语言的使用。 只有当我们对体态语言在中美文化中的共同性和差异性比较熟悉后，我们可以找到一个比较有效的解决方案，对体态语言的使用也更合适和恰当，这样才能使双方获得一个比较良好的沟通。
本文的目的是为了帮助商务人员对在商务语境下体态语言的使用有个比较全面的了解。要想创造一个比较亲密的商务合作关系，我们必须清楚地表达和适当地让他们知道我们在表达什么。如果我们仔细观察，我们将会发现，体态语言在商务语境下的神奇作用，它可以更好地帮助我们商务往来，从而大大增加了商务谈判成功的机会。如果我们不熟悉在不同文化的差异下体态语言使用的不同，我们将会容易同对方产生误解，甚至导致双方商务合作关系破裂。
本文作者从三个方面：定义、特点和功能分析在商务语境下体态语言的使用；然后比较体态语言在中美文化中的共同性和差异性，并总结了体态语言五个主要的特点；在中国和美国的文化，最后，指出在商务语境下需要遵从的原则。因此，了解在商务语境下体态语言的使用和其文化所代表的含义将使我们了解到体态语言在不同文化的意义，从而避免商务沟通中的冲突和矛盾，实现真正的交际目的。

关键词：非语言交际；体态语言；商务语境
A Comparative Study of Chinese and American Body Language in Business Context
Abstract: Language is a tool of communication, the carrier of culture to which non-verbal language is a complement. Most people in communication focus only on language communication, but often ignore the important role of non-verbal communication. In the business communication between Chinese and Americans, some of the business people do not pay more attention to the use of body language. They think language is the main language, while what makes the negotiations break down is non-verbal factor, the use of body language. Only when we understand the commonalities and differences of body language in Chinese and American cultures, and achieve a better communication, can we find an effective solution and use it appropriately.
The purpose of this paper is to help the business people have a better understanding of body language in business context. If we want to create a good close business relationship, we’re required to express clearly and appropriately and let them understand what we are going to say.  As long as we look closely, we will find that the magical role of body language in business context can better help us do business, thereby greatly increase the chance of successful business negotiations. If we are not familiar with body language with cultural differences, we will be prone to misunderstanding, and even the break down of the relationship.
In this paper the author analyses body language in business context from three aspects, that is, definition, features and functions; then compares the commonalities and differences of body language in Chinese and American cultures, and summarizes five features of body language in Chinese and American cultures; finally, points out the principles worth adhering to in business context. Therefore, Understanding the use of body language in business context and its cultural connotations will enable us understand the significance of body language in different cultures, thus avoid conflicts and contradictions in business communication and achieve real communicative purposes.

Keywords: Non-verbal communication; Body language; Business context

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