论《哈姆雷特》中隐喻的语用功能

隐喻，作为一种描述和理解话语的方法，在文学作品中非常常见，大量语言学家对此进行了系统的研究。《哈姆雷特》是威廉•莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，具有深刻的悲剧意义、复杂的人物性格以及丰富完美的悲剧艺术手法。本文试图通过对《哈姆雷特》中隐喻的会话含义分析，为话语的非字面解释提供新的方法。文章尝试以格赖斯的会话合作原则作为识别会话含义的重要标准，介绍了关于隐喻的相关研究，分别探讨了词汇隐喻和语法隐喻在《哈姆雷特》中的隐喻的语用效果，从而对文学作品的赏析提供了一种新视角。

关键词：隐喻；语用功能；《哈姆雷特》
Abstract

Metaphor, as a way of describing and understanding our speech, pervades in literary works. Many linguists have made plenty of studies and put forward systematic theories on metaphor. Hamlet, with fascinating plots, complex characters and perfect means of artistic expression, is the most famous drama of William Shakespeare. This paper tries to analyze the meanings of metaphor in Hamlet, so as to bring about a new way of explaining the non-literal meaning of a speech. With Grice’s Cooperative Principle as an important theory for working out the conversational implicature, this paper reviews the previous studies related to metaphor and then tries to explore the pragmatic functions of metaphor, including lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor, with an aim to provide a new way to appreciate literary works.

Key Words: metaphor; pragmatic functions; Hamlet

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