中国畜产品出口欧盟遭遇动物福利壁垒的原因分析及对策
随着世界经济一体化的不断发展，贸易自由度的不断提高，关税以及传统非关税壁垒所能发挥的作用在不断削弱，世界上许国国家尤其是发达国家已经将动物福利理念引入到了国际贸易领域，将动物福利与国际贸易紧密挂钩，从而形成了一种新型的贸易壁垒——动物福利壁垒。欧盟是倡导动物福利的先驱，主张给动物全方位的福利待遇。作为中国主要的贸易伙伴，欧盟已经成为中国畜产品第二大出口市场，欧盟越来越多的对来自我国的进口畜产品实施动物福利壁垒，弱化了我国畜产品出口企业的竞争优势，给我国的出口企业造成了巨大的损失。在现实中，欧盟的动物福利壁垒已经对我国畜产品出口贸易产生了不可低估的影响，并给我国的动物出口企业造成了巨大的损失，同时也制约了我国畜牧业的发展。目前，由于我国在思想上还缺乏对动物福利的认识，国内动物福利立法也不够完善，广大的出口商和动物出口生产企业对欧盟的动物福利法律法规还不是很了解，因此，研究动物福利壁垒，及时了解欧盟动物福利活动的新动向，认识其对经济活动的影响，可以使人们在思想和行动上重视动物福利，避免在贸易中处于被动，对促进我国对欧盟的贸易出口的正常发展，避免贸易摩擦都具有重要的现实意义。
本文介绍了动物福利壁垒的含义及特点，分析了我国畜产品在出口欧盟时遭遇欧盟动物福利壁垒的现状，并在此基础上全面分析了其原因，提出了我国政府、企业和行业协会的若干应对动物福利壁垒的措施，共同努力，以突破欧盟的动物福利壁垒。
【关键词】欧盟；动物福利壁垒；中国畜产品出口
Analysis of the causes and countermeasures of China's livestock products export to the EU restricted by the animal welfare barriers
【Abstract】With the continuous deepening of global economic integration, trade liberalization continues to improve, the function of tariffs and non-tariff measures is weakening, many countries, especially the developed countries have already introduced the concept of animal welfare into international trade. Animal welfare and international trade will be closely linked, and it creates a new type of trade barriers—barriers to animal welfare. The European Union is the advocated pioneer for animal welfare, they claim to give animals comprehensive welfare treatment. Being a major trading partner, the EU is second largest export markets for China’s livestock products. The EU has implemented more and more animal welfare barriers on livestock products form China, weakening competitiveness of our livestock products export, resulting in our great losses. In reality, EU’s animal welfare barriers have been made an underestimated effect about China’s livestock products, and have lead a tremendous losses of exporter, but also constrained China’s economic development. However, we still lack of the awareness of animal protection and animal welfare concepts, and the livestock animal welfare legislation is also inadequate, together with the shortage of animal welfare for the EU’s regulations and the corresponding restrictions on the standard with the majority of the exporter and producers, therefore, research and exploration EU’s animal welfare barriers to keep pace of EU’s animal welfare activities in the development of new trend, and finding the cause of why China's animal products restricted by the animal welfare barriers will allows people to pay attention to the animals welfare and avoid in a passive position in export trades to the EU and will have great practical sense in promoting China’s export to EU and avoiding trade frictions.
This paper introduces the meaning and characteristics of the animal welfare barriers, and analyses the present situations of our livestock products export to the EU restricted by the animal welfare barriers, and on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the reasons, puts forward the corresponding measures of Chinese government, enterprises and industry associations, and work together to break the EU’s animal welfare barriers.
【Key words】the European Union；animal welfare barriers；China’s livestock products export trade
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