“以名博官”与“以官博名”——论《儒林外史》之“伪”

《儒林外史》刻画了一大批的名士形象，作者吴敬梓所讽刺的“虚伪”恰是以名士为基本点的。不谙八股的士人们妄图通过“扬名养誉”上达天闻，博一官半职；而朝廷正是抓住士人们这样的心理，开征辟荐举之制，既笼络了士子，又博得招贤纳士的美名。名士与朝廷的互相“欺骗”，实乃各取所需。作者吴敬梓以敏锐的视角尖刻地揭露和批判了这样的虚伪，并反思了其内在原因：八股科举与荐举征辟并行的选才制度。

关键词：《儒林外史》；吴敬梓；名士；以名博官；以官博名
Abstract

The Scholar depicts a large number of images of celebrity at the same time. It is based on those people to describe the so-called hypocrisy by the author Wu Jingzi. People who are not familiar with eight-part essays would like to become famous and gain the power from the official through the reputation.And it is such a psychology that makes the government to lay down new system through the strategy of recommending to attract the genius and gain the reputation of it. They would get what they wanted combing cheating with each other. The author exposes and criticizes hypocrisy from the intense perspective and reflects on it’s internal causes--the coexistence between the eight-part essays system and recommendation system.

Keywords: The Scholar；Wu Jingzi；Celebrated scholar；Gaining the power through the reputation；Gaining the reputation through the power

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