中美大学毕业生英文求职信的语步对比分析
本文立足于巴蒂亚的体裁分析理论，通过对中国和美国大学毕业生的英文求职信进行语步对比分析，以揭示英文求职信的文体特征和交际目的的实现方式。本文从网络上和美国普渡大学在线写作指导中心选取中国和美国大学毕业生的英文求职信总计60封作为语料库，从巴蒂亚的体裁分析理论和相关体裁理论角度对英文求职信进行研究。定量计算了相关语步数量和使用频率并对两种英文求职信进行比较分析。通过比较分析两种英文求职信，研究结果找出了两种英文求职信在数量和内容上的不同之处。研究发现美国大学毕业生的英文求职信总计九个主要的语步。而中国大学毕业生的英文求职信存在13个常见语步。研究发现两种英文求职信在存在一些相似之处，同时两种英文求职信所包含的每个语步存在明显不同之处。反映出对实现交际目的不同效果。同时显示出大学生特定的写作习惯，也在一定程度上反映出中国大学生写作求职信的缺陷。
与此同时此次研究给出了一些建议关于中国高校毕业生如何写好英文求职信得以达到更成功的交际的目的。希望本文研究所得成果能够在以后中国大学毕业生写好英文求职信过程中会有所帮助。
关键词：语步分析，英文求职信，比较，语步
Contrastive Move Analysis of English Covering Letters by Chinese and American Graduates
Abstract
Based on Bhatia’s theory of genre analysis, this paper conducts a contrastive move analysis on the collected English covering letters by Chinese and American graduates, revealing genre characteristics of English covering letters and their approaches to communicative purposes. After building a corpus of 60 English covering letters by Chinese and American graduates taken from the Internet and Purdue Online Writing Lab, the present research studies these sample English covering letters from the perspective of Bhatia’s theory and related genre theories. Total numbers of moves are sorted out and the frequency of every move are calculated for comparison and contrast between English covering letters by Chinese and American graduates. The contrastive analysis shows that letters by both Chinese and American graduates differ from each other on both the numbers and the content. There are nine major moves for the writing of English covering letters by American graduates, while in the English covering letters by Chinese graduates, 13 usual moves are found. Results of the analysis have discovered, despite some similarities, apparent differences in composing each move between these two types of covering letters, showing their different effects in achieving their communicative purposes. Writing styles are also accounted and, to certain extent, the deficiency of covering letter writing skills for Chinese students.
Then this study gives suggestions and advice on how Chinese graduates should write English covering letters to fulfill more successful communication. Results of this research will hopefully be helpful in instructing Chinese graduates to write English covering letters.
Key words: Move analysis, English covering letters, Contrast, Moves
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