全站仪在变形监测中的应用

在变形监测中，使用全站仪对建筑物进行测量工作时，由于特殊建筑物（例如：地势崎岖的山丘、矿山、不规则建筑物等）受外界因素的影响导致传统的水准测量方法存在较大的困难，数据误差较大，所以本文使用全站仪利用三角高程的测量方法，对特殊建筑物的变形监测进行应用分析，得到使用全站仪进行对特殊建筑物进行变形观测的具体方法与注意事项。
此方法进行变形监测时，设站比较方便随机，测量时更加方便快速，监测的精度要求也相对较高，另一方面还可以减少特殊地理环境因素对传统水准测量的误差影响。通过对理论方法的分析研究和实践应用，得出结论：在观测的视线长度较短时，能够比较全面的代替三等水准测量，并且可以满足变形监测的规范的精度要求。但是相对于水准测量的方法精度要求比较低，不能达到对特殊建筑物的高精度观测，在现代高新技术的加持下，应尽可能地完善全站仪的各项基础功能，提高全站仪测量的精度等级，使全站仪在变形监测中的使用更加普遍。
关键词：全站仪；变形监测；精度分析

 
Abstract
In deformation monitoring, when using total station to measure buildings, due to the influence of external factors on special buildings (such as rugged hills, mines, irregular buildings, etc.), the traditional leveling method is difficult and the data error is large. Therefore, this paper uses total station to measure trigonometric elevation, This paper analyzes the application of deformation monitoring of special buildings, and obtains the specific methods and precautions of using total station to observe the deformation of special buildings.
When this method is used for deformation monitoring, it is more convenient and random to set up stations, more convenient and fast to measure, and the monitoring accuracy is relatively high. On the other hand, it can also reduce the influence of special geographical environment factors on the error of traditional leveling. Through the analysis and practical application of the theoretical method, the conclusion is drawn: in the observation of the line of sight length is short, it can comprehensively replace the third-class leveling, and can meet the accuracy requirements of deformation monitoring specifications. However, relative to the leveling method, the accuracy requirement is relatively low, which can not achieve the high-precision observation of special buildings. With the support of modern high technology, we should try our best to improve the basic functions of total station, improve the accuracy level of total station measurement, and make the total station more widely used in deformation monitoring.
Key Words：Total station; Deformation monitoring; Accuracy analysis

目 录

1绪 论 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究意义 1
2全站仪的使用 1
2.1仪器简介 2
2.2测量前的准备 2
2.2.1检查仪器 2
2.2.2仪器的使用 2
2.2.3仪器参数的设置 3
2.3观测原理 3
2.4特点 4
2.5应用 4
2.5.1角度测量 4
2.5.2距离测量 4
2.5.3坐标测量 5
2.5.4后方交会测量 5
2.5.5对边测量 6
2.5.6悬高测量 6
3变形监测 7
3.1定义 7
3.2目的 7
3.3特点 8
3.4数据处理 9
3.4.1变形监测的精度 9
3.4.2变形监测的周期性 10
3.4.3变形观测数据的处理与分析 11
3.5技术进展 11
4全站仪在沉降监测中的应用分析 12
4.1研究目的 12
4.2测量方法 13
4.2.1单向观测法 13
4.2.2中间法 14
4.2.3对向观测法 15
4.3技术要求 16
4.4控制网的设计 17
4.4.1沉降基准点的点位选择 17
4.4.2沉降工作基点的设置 17
4.4.3沉降基准点和工作基点标石、标志的选型及埋设 18
4.4.4监测点的布设与测量 18
4.5实例研究 18
4.5.1研究区域概况 18
4.5.2仪器选用 19
4.5.3研究区域的沉降监测 19
5结论 23
参考文献 25
 

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