在我国，自新中国成立以来，从我国相关法律法规、司法解释的规定来看，对事实婚姻法律效力的承认大致经历了三个阶段，从最初有条件的承认到完全不承认，再到从2001年我国婚姻法修改以后至今的补救承认，即对于已经存在的事实婚姻，只要婚姻当事人实施补办婚姻登记手续后即婚姻有效，实际上也是不承认事实婚姻，只是补办婚姻登记后婚姻效力从当事人双方均事实婚姻符合婚姻实质要件之日起计算。
事实婚姻与同居既有联系又有区别，从表面上看，二者都有共同生活的事实，二者的本质区别在于是否以夫妻名义共同生活；事实婚姻与非法同居、重婚有着很大的不同，法律效力也各不相同，在司法实践中要严格区分这些概念。
事实婚姻的大量存在，不仅有深刻的历史原因，也有不可避免的现实原因。我国自古以来人们就非常注重婚姻生活事实，重婚姻事实而轻婚姻形式，容易形成所谓的事实婚姻。从现实原因来讲，我国还存在着大量的法律意识薄弱甚至没有法律意识的人，或是由于所处地区偏远，登记不便或登记成本过高，不愿登记，这些都使事实婚姻大量的存在着。
在法律上承认事实婚姻，满足现实社会对这方面的制度需求，从各方面分析，在价值上的取舍都是利大于弊的，是婚姻制度在价值衡平后的最佳选择。考虑到对婚姻登记制度威严的维护，在对待事实婚姻问题的态度上，应该严格区分事实婚姻的成立与生效，正如王礼仁法官所说“承认或不承认事实婚姻效力，不能通过承认或不承认事实婚姻现象来实现这一目的，而应当通过赋予不同婚姻效力来实现”[1]。
本文从什么是婚姻入手，探讨婚姻成立的构成要件及婚姻成立与婚姻生效的区别，运用法律解释的方法、历史分析的方法、比较研究的方法等研究方法，分析在我国事实婚姻涉及的事实婚姻是否成立、法律效力、离婚诉讼、审判工作等相关问题，通过结合我国的现实情况、综合比较分析各种事实婚姻相关问题后，最终提出对完善我国婚姻制度中涉及事实婚姻方面的不足之处的建议及立法建议。
关键词： 婚姻，制度，事实婚姻，同居，登记婚，法律效力
In China, since the founding of new China, from China's relevant laws and regulations, judicial interpretations of the provisions of view, the recognition of the fact that the legal effect of marriage has gone through three stages, from the initial recognition of conditions to complete non-recognition, then from After the Chinese Marriage Law of 2001 amended the remedy has recognized the fact that the existing marriage, as long as the marriage the parties go through the marriage registration procedures after the implementation of effective marriage, and indeed does not recognize the fact that marriage, just go through the registration of marriage from both parties after the marriage effect the facts are the essential requirements for marriage, marriage meet the date. Marriage and cohabitation have established contact, the surface, the two share a common fact of life, the essential difference between the two is whether the name of living together as husband and wife; de facto marriage and concubinage, bigamy is very different , also vary the force of law, in judicial practice to strictly distinguish between these concepts.
That a large number of de facto marriage widely exist not only has deep historical reasons, there are unavoidable practical reasons. Since ancient times, people in China attach great importance to married life on the fact that re-marriage, marriage, the fact that the form of light, easy to form the so-called de facto marriage. From a practical reason for speaking, there are still a lot of our awareness of the law is weak or no legal consciousness of people, or because of their locations in remote, high cost of registration or registration inconvenience, they do not register, they have to make the existence of a large number of de facto marriage forward.
All aspects of analysis, recognition to de facto marriage in law, to meet the real needs of the system in this regard, the value of the trade-offs are more good than harm, and that is the value of equity in the post-marriage the best choice. Taking into account the dignity of marriage registration system maintenance, the treatment approach on the fact that marriage should be strictly separated from the fact that the establishment of marriage and entry into force, as the judge Wang Liren said "to recognize or not recognize the fact that the effectiveness of marriage, can not be recognized or not recognized the fact that the phenomenon of marriage to achieve this objective, the marriage should be adopted to give effect to achieve different "[1].
In this paper, what is marriage, to discuss Elements and Marriage in the establishment of marriage and marital differences in force, the use of methods of legal interpretation, historical analysis, comparative study of methods of research methods, analysis of the facts of marriage in our country involved in de facto marriage whether the establishment of the force of law, divorce litigation , trial work and other related issues, through a combination of the reality of our country, comprehensive comparative analysis of various issues related to de facto marriage, finally proposed the institution of marriage in the improvement of de facto marriage involved the inadequacies of recommendations and legislative proposals.
Keywords: marriage systems a de facto marriage cohabitation registered marriage
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