城市公共交通存在经营亏损是国内外普遍存在的事实，为促进城市公共交通事业的发展，保障公交企业的正常运营，世界各发达国家和地区无不实行了公交财政补贴政策。城市公共交通是典型的准公共产品，具有较强的外部性，并且具有自然垄断的性质。根据“福利经济学”的观点，对社会公共产品，市场竞争可能会导致负面影响，只有在政府介入的情况下，产品的社会福利性才不致被破坏。因此，政府对公共交通企业进行规范性补贴是我国迫切需要解决的问题。本文在分析我国现行补贴制度缺陷的基础上，借鉴美国公共交通补贴机制的经验，提出我国城市公共交通财政补贴机制的改进建议。
关键词：城市公共交通；财政补贴；机制转变
Abstract
The Widely existing fact for both home and abroad is that the urban public transport system is undergoing management loss. In order to promote the development of public transportation and guarantee usual operation of public transportation enterprises, many developed countries and areas adopt finance subsidy policy. The urban public transport system is typical impure public goods, with externality and the characteristics of a natural monopoly. According to the “welfare economics” point of view, market competition may lead to negative effects to the public goods, and only with the Government intervene, the social welfare will not be destroyed. Therefore, our government is rather urgent to solve the problem of systematic subsidy to the public Transportation Corporation. Based on the analysis of the deficiency of the present financial subsidy system, this article refers to the experience of U.S. public transport subsidy and presents some advice on improving Chinese cities’ public transportation finance subsidy system
Key word: urban public transport system; finance subsidy policy; institution transform
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