明中叶以后，贵州迎来了中国学术思想史上的一个重要转折时期——王学冲击波的形成时期。贵州早在汉代就曾出现过舍人、盛览、尹珍等名儒所进行的讲学活动，这当属贵州学术的渊薮，但贵州学术的高潮直到明中叶以后的王阳明时代才出现。正德三年（1508），王阳明因忤权阉刘瑾，被贬贵州龙场（今贵州修文县），悟道讲学，兴学黔中，开拓了一方文明。王阳明离黔后，其黔籍弟子同励圣轨，共阐师学，逐渐形成了贵州史上第一个比较完整的儒学派别——黔中王门学派。十六世纪末十七世纪初，贵州形成了龙场、贵阳、思南、都匀、清平等五大王学重镇。从此，贵州书院遍布、文教渐兴，人才鹊起。儒学思想大规模进入贵州，泽被后世，最终成为明代贵州文化的主流。本文以王阳明及其弟子为对象，简要论述王阳明在贵州的学术活动及其对明代贵州文化的勃兴所产生的重大影响。拙文如有不当，敬请识者指正。
关键词：王阳明，明代，贵州文化
Wang Yangming and Guizhou Culture in the Ming Dynasty
Abstract
After the Mid-Ming Dynasty, Guizhou turned a new leaf in the academic learning history of China——the formation period of the Wang shock. Although once there were Confucian scholars(during the Han) such as She Ren ﹑Sheng Lan and Yin Zhen in Guizhou history ,they had ever lifted lectures ,which could be the origin of Guizhou academic. However, Guizhou academic climax wasn’t born in the Han but was born in the Mid-Ming Dynasty after Wang Yangming. In 1508, Wang Yangming conflicted eunuch Liu Jin because of disobedience so that he was demoted to Guizhou Longchang ( Xiuwen county).During his demoted period in Guizhou ,he developed the civilization of Guizhou through realizing the doctrines of Confucianism at Longchang, launching lectures in central Guizhou .After leaving Guizhou, his disciples of Guizhou learned and propagated his thoughts together .Later, they formed a whole local academic school which called the Yangming School of Mind in central Guizhou. From the late 16th to the early 17th century, the “Five Wang Towns” in Guizhou called Longchang﹑Guiyang﹑Sinan﹑Duyun and Qingping came into being in succession. At that time, academies distributed widely, culture and education booming, talents flourishing in Guizhou. The Wang’s Confucianism has been disseminating and benefiting to one generation after another generation， and become the mainstream of Guizhou culture in the Ming Dynasty eventually. In this paper, the writer will take Wang Yangming and his disciples as the objects, briefly discuss his academic activities in Guizhou and its influence on Guizhou prosperous culture in the Ming Dynasty. I argue, if inappropriate, please correct me.
Key words: Wang Yangming, the Ming Dynasty, the Culture of Guizhou
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