Abstract
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), a figurehead of the aesthetic movement in England in the nineteenth century of Victorian Age, was once a highly controversial figure in British literary history. Besides some famous novels, Wilde also wrote fairy tales. The Happy Prince and Other Tales，published in 1888，and A House of Pomegranates，published in 1891, not only attract children’s interesting, but also touch adult’s heart.
In recent years, the analysis and research have been emphasized more and more in the field of his works. As for the fairy tale The Happy Prince, most people study it from aestheticism, focusing on the connection of inner beauty and form beauty that presented in the story. In their eyes, The Happy Prince is a comedy fairy tale about beauty. However, few people analyze this fairy tale under the theory of literary criticism or discuss the ugly things reflected in the story.
Therefore, this thesis uses the method of textual analysis to discuss all the “unhappy things” in the tale under the theory of literary criticism. This thesis analyzes all the unhappy things to reach the conclusion that the happy prince is in fact unhappy. Though looked beautiful, this fairy tale uncovers the cold and cruel facts of the real society, criticizes the inhuman behavior of the upper class, and expresses the deep sympathy for the suffering of the lower class. According to the analysis, it is very clear that The Happy Prince is a tragedy tale uncovering and criticizing the cold and cruel society. Meanwhile, we can have a better understanding about the real life and social environment in the late nineteenth century of Victorian Age. What's more, this reaserch also has certain enlightenment function on literature teaching.
Key Words: Oscar Wilde’ The Happy Prince; comedy; literary criticism; tragedy
摘要
奥斯卡•王尔德(1854-1900)，十九世纪维多利亚晚期备受争议的唯美主义作家代表。除了小说之外，王尔德还写下多部文笔优美的童话作品，出版于1888年的《快乐王子和其他故事》以及1891年的《石榴屋》，不仅吸引了孩子们的眼球，在成人的心里也激起了不小的波澜。
近年来，人们对他的文学研究趋热。就其童话故事《快乐王子》而言，大家主要从唯美主义的角度出发，研究主要集中于作品中内在美与形式美的统一，从而得出这是一篇关于“美”的喜剧童话。然而，极少有人现实批判主义的角度，对童话中表现出的各种“不美”进行分析研究。
因此，本论文以王尔德《快乐王子》为研究对象，以现实批判主义为理论依据，通过文本分析法对故事中体现出来的各种“不快乐”进行分析研究，从而得出快乐王子其实并不快乐的结论，同时也指出这是一篇看似美丽，而实际上是对现实社会进行批判与揭露的悲剧童话，是对上层阶级恶行的批判，对下层人民生活遭遇的深切同情。通过对文中“不快乐”的分析，本论文可以帮助学习者进一步加深对《快乐王子》乃至王尔德童话的理解，也更加了解十九世纪维多利亚晚期社会生活的真实面貌。本研究还对文学教学有一定的启迪作用。
关键词：王尔德《快乐王子》；喜剧；批判；悲剧
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