动物词的语义变化及影响因素

动物词的语义变化及影响因素

摘要

  人类的生活里少不了动物，动物对人类生活有重要影响。因此，动物词汇运用到人类语言中来并发挥作用。动物词汇反映客观世界的同时，也经历了不断的变化。英语中来自动物名字的词汇具有强大的生命力和创造力，形式也多样，灵活，多变，而且随着历史和文化的不断发展，英语中的动物词汇的词义也不断演变。动物词汇的变化可以追溯到很多因素。对于动物词汇这一特殊群体，本文从动物词汇的词义演变和演变原因两个方面进行阐述。首先，从外延和内涵两个方面分析动物词汇的意义。其次，从词性的变化和词义的变化探讨动物词汇词义演变的形式。最后，从历史和文化两种角度分析英语中动物词汇词义演变的影响因素。
关键词：  动物词汇；词义演变；历史；文化； 习语
ABSTRACT

The English animal words are of great vividness and creativity with diversified, flexible and changeable. With the development of history and culture, the meanings of animal words are constantly changed. This paper aims to discuss the semantic change of animal words and its causes.
First, it analyzes the designative meaning and associative meaning of animal words.
Then, it explores the forms of semantic change from class shift and meaning shift.
Lastly, it analyzes the causes of the semantic change of animal words from the historical and cultural prospective.
Key words:  animal words; semantic change; history; culture; idioms.
CONTENTS
Abstract...………………………………………………………………………………………….i
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………..ii
1.Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...1
2. The meaning of animal words..……..………………………….……………………………….1
2.1 Designative meaning…………………………………………………………………..……2
2.2 Associative meaning.....…..….…………………...………………………….............……3
3. Semantic change of animal words……...………. ………………..…….………………...........4
3.1 The class shift of animal words…......……….…………………………..............................4
3.1.1 Derivation in animal words.…….……….………………………………………..4
3.1.2 N-V shift in animal words…..…..……………………………….…………………….5
3.2 The meaning shift of animal words.……..……… ………………………………………...6
4. Influencing factors of the semantic change of animal words……..…….…..………….............8
4.1 Influencing factors of the history...………………….…….…...…………………..……….8
4.1.1 The animal words in myths….……..……………………..………………………...8
4.1.2 The animal words in religion…………………………………………………………..8
4.1.3 The animal words in historical events ………..…………..…………………………...9
4.1.4 The animal words in traditional customs ………………...….……..……………… ..10
4.2 Influencing factors of the culture……….…….………………..……………….................11
4.2.1 The animal words in literature works …………………………………. ………........11
4.2.2The animal words in culturalvalues ……………………………………………….....13
4.2.3 The animal words in cross-cultural communication ………...……………………....13
5. Conclusion…………………………………………………..…………..……..…………...…14
Bibliography………….……………………………………..…………………….......................15
Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………..16

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