英语名源动词的语义分析

英语名源动词的语义分析
摘  要

英语名词的数量远远超过了动词的数量，当新的名词出现而没有相应的动词用于描述时，这些名词经常用来充当动词，以填补动词的空缺，从而使名源动词的使用成为一种能产的构词方式。人们将名词动词化不仅仅是为达到某种修辞效果，使表达更为生动，形象，新颖，而且遵循着经济原则，尽量用简洁高效的词表达完整的概念。
名词在转换作动词的过程中，实际上是将指称某一领域的事件或情况转用于描绘另一领域，这必然引起语义的变化。本论文在分类介绍名源动词的基础上，阐述了语义变化的主要途径：借喻和隐喻。名词动化的过程就是词语失去其指称意义而获得描述意义，是一个隐喻的过程。名词具有丰富的内涵意义，它所称谓的客观事物的某一具体特征使名词可用来描述动态性质，从而使得名词动化又具有借喻的思维特征。

关键词：名源动词，语义变化，隐喻
Semantic Analysis of English Denominal Verbs

ABSTRACT
There are more nouns than verbs in the English language, so nouns often extend their functions to fill the lexical gaps of verbs corresponding to the new nouns, and denominalization has become a productive way of creating new words. The use of denominal verbs has its motivations. Originally, it is regarded as one form of rhetoric and people use it to achieve a certain rhetorical effect. The recent research has showed that the economical principle is observed in syntactic constructing, as well as to achieve an effect of vividness or novelty.
The process of the conversion from a noun to a verb is actually the process where the way referring to one thing is used to refer to another. This will necessarily cause the semantic change. After a general introduction of the denominal verbs, the thesis illustrates the main means of semantic change——metonymy and metaphor. Denominalization is practically a process of metaphorical thinking, which involves two things, one refer to the parent noun, which always posses critical features, the other the verb, which is descriptive and dynamic. Metonymy also plays a very important part in denominalization, since the rich associative meaning of parent noun makes it possible for one of the typical properties be used to stand for the whole.

Key words: denominal verbs, semantic change, and metaphor

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