FDI对我国产业结构的影响分析

FDI对我国产业结构的影响分析
摘  要

    改革开放30年以来，我国通过引入FDI（外商直接投资）实现了一轮又一轮的产业结构优化，推动了经济的高速发展。彩电、冰箱、录音机、洗衣机、电风扇、音响等耐用消费品行业通过引进外资不断优化升级，并得到迅猛发展，成为我国的优势产业。2002年以来我国已超过美国，成为世界上吸收FDI最多的国家。2008年，我国人均GDP突破了3000美元，进入了罗斯托起飞模型中的起飞阶段的后期。我国能否进入下一阶段的产业结构优化，将是决定我国经济能否继续保持高速增长的关键因素。目前我国的产业结构优化的方向已经与改革开放初有了很大的改变，因此我国吸收FDI的策略也应当随着时势变化而变化，如何驾驭好FDI来实现我国的产业结构优化已成为了当今的热点问题。
本文将从四个部分来对FDI对我国产业结构的影响进行分析。第一部分首先对各种相关理论进行阐述，对国内外的研究成果进行综述。第二部分以FDI促进东道国产业结构优化的两缺口理论和新经济增长理论为切入点，对改革开放以来FDI对我国产业结构优化的促进作用进行分析。第三部分通过选取近年来我国利用FDI的有关数据，对FDI与我国产业结构优化的协同性进行分析。第四部分以进入二十一世纪为背景，分析我国产业结构升级面临的新形势，指出我国吸收FDI应当产生的新变化，并提出对策建议。

关键词：FDI，产业结构优化，协同性，新形势
ABSTRACT

Since the 30-year reform and opening up-policy, our country accomplished industrial structure optimization and promote the rapid development of the economy by introducing FDI (foreign direct investment). Color television, refrigerator, tape recorder, washing machines, electric fans and acoustics, such durable goods industries optimized and upgraded constantly, got rapid development through introducing foreign investment, become China's advantage industry. Since 2002 China has surpassed the United States and become the biggest FDI absorption country in the world. In 2008, China’s real GDP per capita has reached US$3000, which means China has entered the later stage of take-off of Rostovian take-off model. Whether our country can enter the next phase of the industrial structure optimization will decide the China's economic growth. At present the direction of industry structure optimization in our country is different from the past. So the strategy of absorbing FDI varies with the current situation. How to use FDI to accomplish industrial structure optimization is has become one of today's hot issues.
This paper will analyze the influence on industrial structure of our country by FDI. The first part will introduce the various related theory and summarize the research results at home and abroad. The second part will be based on two gap theory and new economic growth theory and analyze the promoting function of FDI on the industrial structure optimization since the reform and opening up-policy. The third part will select the relevant data of using FDI in recent years and analyze the synergy between FDI and industrial structure optimization. The fourth part will analyze the upgrading of the industrial structure, point out the new situation of absorbing FDI in China, and puts forward the countermeasures and proposals in twenty-first century.

Key Words：FDI，industrial structure optimization，synergy，new situation

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