回归自然—生态意识下的《老人与海》

回归自然—生态意识下的《老人与海》
海明威是文学界最出名的作家之一，迄今为止，他的著名作品《老人与海》受到国内外无数专家学者的学术研究。大量的评论聚焦于分析老人的形象。如有的文章分析老人的坚持不懈，有的分析老人高超的捕鱼技巧等等。鉴于以往的的评论局限于对其主公形象的分析硬汉子的赞美和精神胜利等，本文采用符合当今社会发展的生态批评研究方法，通过海明威在其描写老渔夫圣地亚哥对待生活的态度，以及他与大自然和海的关系表现了深刻生态主义的思想，即人只不过是生物圈中一分子，他与万物休戚相关，相互依存，因此人类要懂得爱护自然，敬畏生命，努力维护人类生存所系的生态系统，决不能物欲膨胀滥耗资源，更不能用征服自然的方式来张扬自我。

关键词：生态批评;老人与海;海明威；生态意识

Returning to Nature—Reading The Old Man and the Sea
from an Ecocritical Perspective
 
Ernest Hemingway is one of the most remarkable writers in the literature world. There are a great many critics interpereting his famous work The Old Man and the Sea from different perspectives. Many articles focus on the analysis of the image of the old man. One thesis after another were drafted out to expound the old man’s image, such as: the old man’s persistence, the old man’s fishing skills or others. However, this paper employs eco-criticisms to elaborate the relationship between man and nature, in the hope of achieving a better understanding of this masterpiece. In The Old Man and the Sea, through the description of the old fisherman and his attitude to life and his relationship with the sea and nature, Hemingway expresses his profound ecological consciouness that, who is only one member in the biosphere, is closely related with and independent on everything in the world, hence man must respect nature and revere natural life and try to protect the ecosystem on which man’s life is dependent. Man can neither swell his material desire or over-exploit natural resources, nor can he prove his power by offending the nature. By analyzing the hero’s attitude to life and nature, this paper intends to lead readers into the realization that man should learn to place himself properly in the universe, if man were to sustain himself in the universe at all.

Key words: Ecocriticism; The Old Man and the Sea; Hemingway; eco-consciouness

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