英汉禁忌语的对比及文化阐述

英汉禁忌语的对比及文化阐述
摘  要

禁忌语是一种特殊的语言现象，它能够深刻地反映各种语言文化的特点，因此禁忌语的跨文化对比研究对跨文化交际来说非常必要。文章旨在运用描述和对比分析的方法，在前人对禁忌语的语料研究的基础之上，对汉语和英语的禁忌语进行了分类，并根据跨文化交际的需要选取了几种典型的英汉禁忌语进行对比。文章考察了所选取的几种英汉禁忌语，依据语言和文化的关系理论，揭示汉语和英语里禁忌语差异的文化根源。通过研究发现：汉语中的禁忌语宗教色彩不浓厚而人文主义色彩浓厚，体现了中国人对个体的道德修养的重视，语言的使用主要是致力于创造和谐的人际关系。英语中的禁忌语宗教色彩浓厚，体现了西方人对宗教精神的一再追求，并且他们力图通过积极使用语言以扩大个人的影响并改造世界。中西国家在禁忌语语言行为上的诸多差异是由中国和西方不同的文化传统决定的。

关键词：禁忌语, 文化, 跨文化交际，文化阐释
A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Taboos
and Their Cultural Interpretations
 
ABSTRACT
Taboo is a special phenomenon. For the sake of intercultural communication，it is of great necessity to have a comparative study of English and Chinese taboos. This thesis is intended to have an analysis of the differences in Chinese and English taboos and the cultural rootstocks of these differences through applying the theories of the relationship between language and culture. On the basis of the data collected by former experts and scholars at home and abroad, a descriptive and comparative method is adopted. Some typical kinds of English and Chinese taboos are chosen for main discussion according to the demand of intercultural communication. By the study, we are able to draw the following conclusions. Chinese taboos are not tinged with heavy religious colors but with much more hue of humanism. Cultivating the individual’s moral character is valued in Chinese taboos, which aim to reach a harmonious state of social relationships. English taboos are heavily tinged with the religious belief. They reflect the pursuit for pure soul in religion of the people in English-speaking countries. Westerners try to extend the individual’s influence and to remold the world by means of language. These differences between Chinese and English taboos are the result of different cultural traditions in China and western countries.

Key words: taboo，culture, intercultural communication，cultural interpretation

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