论汉语无主句的英译

论汉语无主句的英译
论汉语无主句的英译
 
摘  要

无主句是汉语中一种常见的句型，汉语句子按照结构类型可分为主谓句和非主谓句两种，而无主句属于非主谓句中的一种。无主句结构上没有主语，但是它仍然能够传达明确有效的信息，而且这种句型在汉语中大量存在着。在英语中，除了祈使句以外，句子都应有主语。导致这种英汉差别的因素包括：中西方不同的思维模式，英汉句子不同的句法特征。英汉句子结构特征的差异要求在翻译汉语无主句的过程中进行句型的转换。其总的原则是要将汉语无主句译成英语主谓句。具体的译法有六种，分别是：1、选择添加合适的主语；2、使用被动形式；3、采用祈使语气；4、运用倒装语序；5、选用形式主语 “it” 句型；6、采取 “there be” 句型。在翻译实践中，译者应根据不同句子的结构特点来选择合适的翻译方法。

关键词：汉语无主句，影响因素，译法
On Translation of Chinese No-subject Sentence
 
ABSTRACT
The no-subject sentence pattern is frequently used in Chinese. According to the construction features, sentences can be classified into two types: subject-predicate sentences and no-subject-predicate sentences, and the no-subject sentences belong to the latter. Such sentences can still transfer information clearly and effectively without the subject. There are a lot of examples in the Chinese language. In English, the subject is indispensable in a sentence except in some imperative sentences. The factors accounting for the differences include different thinking modes and different syntactic features. The differences call the need for conversion in the translation of Chinese no-subject sentences. A general principle to be followed is that subjects must be supplied when Chinese no-subject sentences are translated into English. In this thesis, six techniques are provided: 1. Supplying a proper subject; 2. Using a passive voice; 3. Using the imperative mood; 4. Using the inverted word order; 5. Using the formal subject “it”; 6. Using the pattern “there be”. In practice, the translator can choose a proper method on the basis of the different features in sentence constructions themselves.

Key words: Chinese no-subject sentence, influential factors, translation methods

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