论汉语“是”字句的英译

论汉语“是”字句的英译
摘  要

论文探讨汉语“是”字句的英译。现代汉语中的“是”字句指表示判断、强调、对比等作用的动词“是”充当谓语构成的句子。“是”字句是汉语中的常见句式。在长期的演变中，“是”的语法功能（意义）发生了很大的改变，先后由指示代词发展为肯定代词、判断词、焦点标记、对比标记。“是” 字句英译的关键在于把握“是”的各种不同功能。对于充当肯定标记的“是”，可采用系动词“be”或 “there be”来翻译；对于充当焦点标记的“是”，如果标记的是谓语以外的句子成分，就采用强调句型“It is/was …who/which/that…”来翻译，如果标记的是谓语，则可用do/did/does来翻译；对于作为对比标记的“是”，可采用省略法，直译法等翻译。总之，在翻译是字句是过程中，译者应牢牢抓住“是”字的语法功能，来寻求译语中与之对应的语法格式。

关键词：是字句，功能，翻译
On the Translation of Chinese Shi Construction

                                             
This thesis discusses the translation of Chinese shi construction. Shi construction is a sentence pattern in which shi serves a marker of copula, focus, and contrast. It’s a common construction in modern Chinese. During the evolvement, its grammatical function (meaning) has changed a lot, from the initial demonstrative pronoun, to a confirmative pronoun, judgment marker, focus marker, and contrast marker. The key of successful translation of shi construction lies in a good identification of various shi. For copula-marking shi, the linking verb “be” or “there be” pattern can be used as a rendering. For focus-marking shi, the emphasis construction “It is/was/…who/which/that…” can be used if the marked constituent is not the predicate, if the marked constituent is the predicate, we can add do/did/does before the predicate. For contrast-marking shi, we can adapt the translation methods such as omission and forward translation. Generally speaking, in the process of translating shi constructions, the translator should master the grammatical functions of shi, and seek its correspondent form in the target language.

Key words: Shi construction, function, translation
On the Translation of Chinese Shi Construction

                                             
This thesis discusses the translation of Chinese shi construction. Shi construction is a sentence pattern in which shi serves a marker of copula, focus, and contrast. It’s a common construction in modern Chinese. During the evolvement, its grammatical function (meaning) has changed a lot, from the initial demonstrative pronoun, to a confirmative pronoun, judgment marker, focus marker, and contrast marker. The key of successful translation of shi construction lies in a good identification of various shi. For copula-marking shi, the linking verb “be” or “there be” pattern can be used as a rendering. For focus-marking shi, the emphasis construction “It is/was/…who/which/that…” can be used if the marked constituent is not the predicate, if the marked constituent is the predicate, we can add do/did/does before the predicate. For contrast-marking shi, we can adapt the translation methods such as omission and forward translation. Generally speaking, in the process of translating shi constructions, the translator should master the grammatical functions of shi, and seek its correspondent form in the target language.

Key words: Shi construction, function, translation

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