《红楼梦》中称谓语的语用特点及其文化内涵

《红楼梦》中称谓语的语用特点及其文化内涵
摘要：称谓语和人们的日常生活紧密相连，因此称谓语研究一直是各领域学者关注的课题。而称谓语的使用是多变的，动态的，因此有必要从语用学的角度对其惊醒深入探讨。本文旨在从语用学的角度探讨小说《红楼梦》中称谓语的趋亲性，变异性和等级性，同时揭示小说中复杂的人物关系，体现了语用理论对文学作品的强大诠释力.并揭示称谓语使用背后的历史文化背景及历史文化内涵
称谓的使用是个不断选择的过程，通过其不断选择从而适应心智世界，社交世界，物理世界和语言世界；这些语境因素在焦急过程中不断更新，打到语语言称谓即称谓语的相互协调，相互适应的状态。
在对语言进行宏观的视野里，称谓的研究一直是个引人注目的课题。作为理解社会人伦关系、思想观念、价值观念的一把钥匙，称谓与社会心理、民族心理、历史文化息息相关可以看到当代文化的色彩。在《红楼梦》中大概有700多个称谓，这对研究清代历史文化有着必不可少的重要性，本文将从语用学的角度分析，认为《红楼梦》称谓语的特点主要有：趋亲性、变异性、等级性。透过这些特点文章进一步揭示了其间折射出的历史文化内涵。
 
关键词：  称谓语；语用；文化内涵

Abstract: The use of addressing terms is indispensable to human daily conversation. Thus researches on addressing terms are always the major subjects for scholars of various fields. Sociolinguists have made static description of rules regulating addressing term usage in static situation. Yet the use of addressing terms is flexible and dynamic, thus it is necessary to study from pragmatic point of view. The main focus of this thesis is to investigate the family trend nature, various natures and level nature of addressing terms in the novel A Dream of Red Mansion as well as the complicated personal relationship, demonstrating the fact that pragmatic theories are capable of giving an excellent explanation of literary works.
   The use of addressing terms is a process of continuously making choices with the purpose of adapting to mental, social, physical and linguistic world. These contextual factors will change and develop so as to maintain a balanced state with addressing terms.
This thesis has practical meaning in intercultural communication and translation. Different cultural backgrounds lead to the difference in language usage and awareness of this difference can avoid failure in intercultural communication. In translation, only when the translator is sensitive to this difference, can the equivalence between source language and target language be achieved. There are many kinds of addressing terms in A Dream of Red mansion. It is necessary to study addressing terms to understand Qing dynasty culture. A pragmatic analysis of the article that the main features of the addressing terms: the family trend natures, the various natures and the level natures, though the study of these characteristic the article will reflect the historical and culture significance.

Key Words: addressing terms; pragmatic; culture connotations

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