英语会话中的语用失误现象初探

英语会话中的语用失误现象初探
摘 要

跨文化交际常常出现语用失误现象。即使话语本身没有语法错误，由于对谈话对象的文化背景缺乏了解，也可能产生语用失误，从而造成误解，甚至导致交际的完全中断。英语学习者在跨文化交际中的语用失误现象非常普遍。为了更好地避免在会话中出现语用失误,英语学习者应该加强在语用方面的修养，学会对话语的语用分析，了解汉语和英语在语用方面的差异。英语会话中的语用失误主要表现为语言语用失误，社交语用失误和会话者的心理因素所造成的语用失误三种不同类型，三种不同类型语用失误各有其产生原因。为了避免在英语会话中出现此类语用失误，可采取如下四种解决方法，即加强文化修养，消除紧张情绪，避免陈词滥调和培养跨文化交际能力。

关键词: 语用失误，会话，跨文化交际
A Study on Pragmatic Failures in English Conversation 
 
ABSTRACT

Pragmatic failures are often occurred in cross-cultural communication. Even the superficial sentences do not have grammar mistakes, pragmatic failures may occur because of lacking of understanding of cultural backgrounds of the other’s. Such behavior may easily cause misunderstanding, and even terminate the communication. As a matter of fact, pragmatic failures are very pervasive among English learners. In order to explore the problem of pragmatic failures, Chinese English learners should improve their pragmatic ability. The quality in pragmatics should be cultivated, learning how to analyze the pragmatic of conversation, and knowing the pragmatic differences between Chinese and English. Pragmatic failures in English conversation show themselves mainly in three types, namely, pragmalinguishstic failures, socio-pragmatic failures and psychological failures, and each of them has its specific cause. The solutions may work well to avoid the above-mentioned pragmatic failures: strengthening cultural awareness; removing the emotion nervousness; avoiding negative stereotyping; and cultivating intercultural communicate competence.

Key words: Pragmatic failure, conversation, cross-cultural communication

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