中西不同思维方式对汉英翻译的影响
中西不同思维方式对汉英翻译的影响
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT THINKING MODES BETWEEN CHINESE AND ENGLISH ON TRANSLATION
ABSTRACT
English and Chinese belong to different families of languages so there exist a lot of huge differences between the two languages，such as grammatical features, basic linguistic units, word order, habits of speech, linguistic psychology, and so forth. Among them, thinking modes of Chinese and English, which are entirely different, play a vitally important role in the comparison and contrast between Chinese and English and also a traditional research field. The essential discrepancy between Chinese and Western thinking modes has a great influence on translation — the task serving as a bridge for mutual transformation of Chinese and English. This essay tries to explore the differences between Chinese and English thinking modes and their influences on translation from five aspects, namely, different choices of subject of a sentence, Chinese emphasizes ethics while English cognition, Chinese tends to use fuzziness while English emphasizes accuracy, Chinese is more likely to use active voice than English, Chinese is a language of parataxis while English hypotaxis in sentence structure. The examination and analysis is based on the essay A Slave Mother, a famous short story written by Rou Shi, rendered by Mr. Zhang Peiji who is one of the most respected translators of modern China.
A conclusion is drawn that in order to produce a superior translation, which meets the requirements of “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”, a qualified translator should always take the influence of different thinking modes into consideration during the process of translation.
Key Words: Chinese-English translation, thinking modes, differences
摘 要
汉英两种语言属于不同的语系，所以二者在许多方面存在显著差别，例如语法特点、基本语言单位、语序，语言习惯、语言心理、等等。其中，汉英思维方式的巨大差异在汉英两种语言的比较和对比中占有重要地位，同时也是一个传统学科。汉英翻译是两种语言相互转化的桥梁，汉英两种思维方式之间存在本质差别，对汉英翻译有很大的影响。本文主要从五个方面探讨汉英思维方式的差异及其对汉英翻译的影响，即句子主语的不同选择；汉语重伦理，英语重认知；汉语用词模糊性强，英语强调精确性；汉语比英语更多地使用主动语态；句子结构方面，汉语偏重意合，英语偏重形合。举例材料来自张培基先生翻译的柔石作品《为奴隶的母亲》。
关键词：汉英翻译；思维方式；汉英差异
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