解析约翰•斯坦贝克《菊花》中的女主人公伊莉莎•艾伦

摘    要

以长篇小说著称的美国作家约翰•斯坦贝克在短篇小说创作中也占据着一席之地，其中《菊花》被评论家誉为斯坦贝克在艺术上最成功的短篇小说。创作于20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条时期，斯坦贝克在《菊花》中塑造了女主人公伊莉莎•艾伦这一形象，通过描写女主人公在与其丈夫和补锅匠的接触中言行举止的变化来向人们展示其内心世界的变化。作为一篇描写女主人公内心世界及其变化的作品，以弗洛伊德的理论为支撑的精神分析批评来研究似乎更有利于挖掘作品的本质与精髓。
本文就重点借助弗洛伊德精神分析批评中的人格结构理论及马斯洛的需求层次理论来解析女主人公复杂的心理和性格的多重性并试图探究其生活失意的原因。本研究所取得的成果将有助于现代人重新定位，在社会的约束与本我的放纵中寻求一个平衡点，找回生活中真正所需要的东西。

关键词：约翰•斯坦贝克；  《菊花》；  人格结构理论；  需求层次理论；
 
Abstract

Although his fame was mainly established by his novels, John Steinbeck also occupied an irreplaceable place in the field of short story-writing. The Chrysanthemums, published in the 1930s when America was struck by the Great Depression, was acclaimed by critics as his finest pieces of short story in terms of artistic creation. In the story, Steinbeck created Elisa Allen as his heroine and by depicting the change in her speech and behavior during her interaction with her husband and the tinker exposed the change taking place in her inner world. As the story dealt with the psychology of the heroine, it seems more appropriate and justified to analyze it with the help of psychoanalysis criticism based on Freudian theory.
This thesis, resorting to the Freudian’s Structure of Personality and Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, has made a detailed analysis concerning the complex psych? and multi-faceted personality of the heroine and attempts to pin down the cause of her unsatisfied life. The results of this research will be instructive to the re-orientation of modern people who have to seek a balanced point between the society-oriented superego and the pleasure- seeking id so as to find out the things necessary for a happy life.
Key Words: John Steinbeck;  The Chrysanthemums;  Structure of Personality;  Hierarchy of Needs.
                                             

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