论《在路上》的反文化元素
摘 要
《在路上》被誉为垮掉的一代的圣经，它的出版迎来了文学界一次新的漩涡，因为它发出了垮掉一代青年最心底的呐喊。因为此书的问世顺应了时代的潮流，因此也深深载入文学历史史册。作者通过在路上的生活旨在追寻属于真我的自我之路，深受当时青年的推崇。本论文通过对小说一次较为理性的分析，重新审视书中反文化元素的体现以及其对于实现真我的必要性。这将有助于更好地理解此书在社会及文化史上做出的贡献， 以及在人类文化意识形态的历史发展中也起到不可磨灭的效果。它开辟了追求自我的新世界。
本文共分为四章，第一章介绍了反文化元素出现的社会背景，以及其与垮掉一代的关系：体现与被体现的关系，同时还概述了反文化元素对于垮掉一代的影响。
第二章主要介绍小说作者背景，作品，以及反文化元素在作者笔下的表现。
第三章是全篇中最重要的部分，对《在路上》一书中的反文化元素进行具体分析，包括类别，原因以及影响。理论基础主要是海德格尔的存在主义思想，并用后现代及弗洛伊德理论作为补充。这一张分为三大部分，分别为“反服从主义”， “反物质主义”和“反理性主义”。同时每一部分作者都从几种类型将其加以细化，将反文化元素在此分析的细致入微，同时也让读者对于反文化元素产生的时代背景的理解也入木三分。在最后论文还揭示了垮掉一代种种叛逆行径的真实含义即找回自我，寻求本我, 寻找自由。
最后一章是全文的总结，通过以上的分析揭示出此书在当时社会背景下的影响力，即引领叛逆的青年一代通向本真的自我，同时也开拓了人们的视野。
关键词: 反文化元素; 反服从主义; 反物质主义; 反理性主义; 垮掉的一代
Abstract
The novel “On the Road” is regarded as the “Bible” of the Beat Generation”, it has a profound influence in the field of literature since its publication. As it rightly responds the needs of the age, it is also remembered deeply in the history of literature book. The author aims to seek for authenticity through the life on the road, which was greatly inspired by the young generation at the time. The thesis re-examine the expressions of counterculture elements and the necessity of self-realization through a rational detailed analysis of the novel. These will be helpful for a better understanding of the book as well as its contribution in the history of culture. It explores a new world of self-searching.
The paper totally divides into four parts: the first part introduces the social background of counterculture elements, and its relationship with the Beat Generation.
The second chapter mainly deals with the personal background and works of the author of the novel, as well as the counterculture elements reflected in the eyes of the author.
The third chapter is the most important part of this paper, which gives a concrete analysis of counterculture elements, including types, causes and influences. The basic theory is Heidegger's existentialism thought, and uses Freud's theory as a complement. This chapter divides into three main parts; they are anti-conformity, anti-materialism, and anti-rationalism. At the same time, these three parts are analyzed in great detail, with the purpose of enabling the readers to have a deep understanding of the background of counterculture elements. In the end, the paper also reveals the real implications of anti-actions of the Beats: finding one’s true-self, finding authenticity, and finding freedom.
The last part is the conclusion of the paper, revealing the influence of the book at that time through the above analysis, which widens people’s eye sight.
Key Words: counterculture elements; anti-conformity; anti-materialism;
anti-rationalism; Beat generation
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